Our data showed that the optimal temperature for Jianye Xianfeng No. 1 lettuce seed germination was 13-15 degrees C in darkness, and 11-19 degrees C in light. The thermoinhibition of seed germination could be decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in light and by nitrite and nitrate in darkness. Changes in lettuce seed germination caused by PTIO at 1-200 mu M were not observed at the optimal temperatures. Germination was increased by PTIO at 1-100 mu M and was decreased by PTIO at 200 mu M in light at 23 degrees C, and that

was gradually decreased by 1-200 mu M in darkness at 17 degrees C. In light, SNP, Fe(III)CN and vapours produced by SNP, Fe(III)CN and acidified nitrite could effectively decrease the thermoinhibition of seed germination, and these promoting effects were inhibited by PTIO at 200 mu M. In darkness, nitrate and nitrite at 5 and 10 mM plus PTIO stimulated the germination of seeds. Our selleck screening library data show that thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is

temperature- and light-dependent, was decreased by SNP, Fe(III)CN, nitrite and nitrate in a nitric oxide-dependent manner in light. (C) 2011 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“In several superconducting applications, as, for example, in some supercondcuting generators, motors, and power transmission cables, the superconductor experiences a changing selleck compound magnetic field in a DC background. Simulating the losses caused by this AC ripple field is an important task from the application design point of view. In this work, we compare two formulations, the selleck kinase inhibitor H-formulation and the minimum magnetic energy variation-formulation, based on the eddy current model (ECM) and the critical state model (CSM), respectively,

for simulating ripple field losses in a DC biased coated conductor tape. Furthermore, we compare our simulation results with measurements. We investigate the frequency-dependence of the hysteresis loss predictions of the power law based ECM and verify by measurements, that in DC use, ECM clearly over-estimates the homogenization of the current density profile in the coated conductor tape: the relaxation of the local current density is not nearly as prominent in the measurement as it is in the simulation. Hence, we suggest that the power law resistivity, used as the local relation between the electric field intensity E and current density J in ECM, is not an intrinsic property of high-temperature superconductors. The difference between the models manifests itself as discrepancies in ripple field loss simulations in very low AC fields with significant DC fields or currents involved. The results also show, however, that for many practical situations, CSM and ECM are both eligible models for ripple field loss simulations. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

The proportions of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 in the milk fat decreased, and those MK-2206 of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increased markedly with elevated DDGS. Increase in trans-11 C18:1 was observed in the rumen fluid at 5h after feeding. These findings suggest that DDGS feeding enhanced milk yield, as well as CLA synthesis under a high dietary NDF condition.”
“5,6-Dichloroindole-3-acetic acid (5,6-Cl(2)-IAA, 1) and 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA, 2), synthesized from the corresponding chlorinated indole compounds, showed strong rooting-promoting activity

in black gram cuttings. 5,6-Cl(2)-IAA was the most potent of all compounds examined. At a concentration of 5 X 10(-5) M, its activity was 15 times higher than that of 4-(3-indole)butyric acid (IBA), an active ingredient in commercially available rooting promoters. The activity buy GS-9973 of 4-Cl-IAA was also four times higher than that of IBA at the same concentration. 5,6-Cl(2)-IAA and 4-Cl-IAA had no estrogenic activity as measured using an estrogen receptor binding assay. (C) Pesticide Science Society of Japan”
“Longitudinal cross-sectioning of squats reveals characteristic features

of internal crack front propagation. Leading crack planes propagate over longer lengths and greater depths as compared to more superficial trailing crack planes. A favourite depth of crack propagation occurs in the subsurface (2-3 mm), is related to the residual longitudinal stress profile, and may lead to an internal crack ‘terrace’. Especially during deeper crack propagation and branching oxidation processes are found to be metallurgical drivers of crack growth. Contact surface modification during squat growth can be distinguished between phases of transient local stress redistribution and of dynamic wheel rail contact. If the hypothesized shearing wedge in the failure mechanism loses its load bearing

capacity, this gives rise to a redistribution of normal stresses within the actual contact ellipse and the formation of a hardness envelope along the crack pattern. This may partially explain why maturing squats show decoloured and hardened surface areas bordering the surface-breaking cracks. A second effect occurs for contact patches not matching learn more the failure ‘envelope’: due to the Poisson effect the surface overlying the crack planes settles slightly, experiences reduced contact, and corrosive products, ‘pumped’ from inside the cracks, may accumulate on the surface (as confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis). During progressive growth of the defect the harder and decoloured envelope as well as the original wedge is pressed into the deeper elastic material, accompanied by a gradual expansion of the contact band and a bilateral bridging of the defect. This may cause high-frequency impact, resulting into progressive internal crack growth affecting the global stress response and rail fracture. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

81; 95% CI, 2.11 to 3.75; P=0.001).\n\nConclusions-For the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention with DES implantation showed equivalent long-term mortality as CABG.”
“CD47, a receptor for thrombospondin-1, limits two important regulatory axes: nitric oxide-cGMP signaling and cAMP signaling, both of which can promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Electron microscopy revealed increased mitochondria( selleck chemical densities in skeletal muscle from both CD47 null and thrombospondin-1 null mice. We further assessed the mitochondria status of CD47-null vs WT mice. Quantitative RT-PCR of RNA extracted from tissues of 3 month old mice revealed dramatically

elevated expression of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins and PGC-1 alpha in both fast and slow-twitch skeletal muscle from CD47-null mice, but modest to no elevation in other tissues. These observations were confirmed by Western blotting of mitochondria! proteins. Relative amounts of electron transport enzymes and ATP/O-2 ratios of isolated mitochondria were not different between mitochondria Dinaciclib in vivo from CD47-null and WT cells. Young CD47-null mice displayed enhanced treadmill endurance relative to WTs and CD47-null gastrocnemius had undergone fiber type switching to a slow-twitch pattern of myoglobin and myosin heavy chain expression. In 12 month old mice, both skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and

endurance had decreased to wild type levels. Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms and myoglobin also reverted to a fast twitch pattern in gastrocnemius. Both CD47 and TSP1 null mice are leaner than WTs, use IPI-145 in vivo less oxygen and produce less heat than WT mice. CD47-null cells produce substantially less reactive oxygen species than WT cells. These data indicate that loss of signaling from the TSP1-CD47 system promotes accumulation of normally functioning mitochondria in a tissue-specific and age-dependent fashion leading to enhanced physical performance, lower reactive oxygen species production and more efficient metabolism. (C) 2011 Elsevier

B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Some epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E, and vitamin D (total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, 1,25(OH)(2)D) are protective against prostate cancer. However, the evidence is not conclusive, with positive and null associations reported for all three vitamins. Limitations of previous studies include small sample size, lack of population controls, and reliance on self-reported dietary intake. Few studies have explored the interactions of circulating 25(OH)D with 1,25(OH)(2)D or retinol, which are biologically plausible interactions.\n\nWe investigated the associations of circulating retinol, vitamin E, and 1,25(OH)(2)D with PSA-detected prostate cancer risk, stage, and grade in a case-control study nested within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial.

Chronic ethanol intake or abstinence did not induce any change in the expression of CCK-A receptors.\n\nConclusions:\n\nExocrine pancreatic insufficiency was irreversible

in alcoholic rats without CP after alcohol withdrawal. It may be attributed to reduced pancreatic CCK, long-standing fatty infiltration, ultramicrostructure injuries in pancreatic acinar cells, and aging.”
“Background. Reflux esophagitis is a significant problem in patients after an esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction. The pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether gastropyloric motility influences the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis after an esophagectomy.\n\nMethods. Thirty esophagectomized patients were assessed by endoscopy selleck chemicals llc and manometry. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the postoperative period as follows: Group 1 (less than 12 months), group 2 (12 to 24 months), and group 3 (more than 24 months). Gastropyloric selleck chemical motor activity was quantified by calculating the motility index, which is equivalent to the area under the contractile waves.\n\nResults. Reflux esophagitis was observed in 80% of group 1, 80% of group 2, and 30% of group 3. The severity of reflux esophagitis decreased

with time. Contractions of the gastric body were not observed in any of the patients. The antral motility index in group 3 was significantly greater than that in groups 1 and 2. The pyloric motility index progressively increased. The severity of reflux esophagitis is significantly associated

with gastropyloric motor activity.\n\nConclusions. The severity of reflux esophagitis decreases with time, coupled with recovery of antropyloric motor activity. Gastropyloric motor activity plays an important role in the genesis of reflux esophagitis after an esophagectomy. (C) 2013 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons”
“Background and Purpose: The AirSeal (TM) access find more system is a novel laparoscopic trocar that uses airflow to create insufflation pressure without the need for a physical seal or valve. By eliminating all valve elements within the lumen of the canula, the port provides a platform that accommodates multiple instruments of any diameter, shape, or combination and is ideally suited for laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). We present our initial experience with valveless trocars in traditional urologic laparoscopic cases and a porcine LESS nephrectomy series.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Nine transperitoneal LESS nephrectomies were performed in a live porcine model using the 27-mm oval valveless trocar. All working instruments were placed through the single port, and the specimen was extracted through the 4-cm port site.\n\nResults: All cases were completed without technical or operative complications. The porcine single-port nephrectomy (n = 9) was successfully performed in a mean operative time of 24 minutes through the single 27-mm oval trocar.