confusus and Nyctobates gigas (Tenebrionidae) collected in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were studied through conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation (AgNO3), and the base specific fluorochromes CMA(3) and DAPI. Z. aff. confusus was found to have 2n = 20 (9+Xyp) while N. gigas exhibited 2n = 18 (8+neoXY). Large pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) were detected throughout the autosomal complement of the two species, except in one autosomal pair of N. gigas in which no heterochromatic block was observed. The sex chromosomes of both species were almost totally heterochromatic. Double

4EGI-1 nmr staining with CMA(3)/DA (distamycin) and DAPI/DA marked CH in Z. aff. confusus. However, DAPI staining was more intense. N. gigas was found to possess blocks of CH-positive CMA(3) and homogeneous DAPI. AgNO3 GSK1904529A concentration staining also revealed differences between the two species. In Z. confusus an NOR was observed in the sexual bivalent Xyp and N. gigas was found to have an autosomal NOR.”
“A 0.92Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3)-0.08 K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (0.92NBT-0.08KBT) lead-free piezoelectric single crystal with dimensions of Phi 35 x 10 mm was successfully grown by the top-seeded solution growth method. The effective segregation coefficient

for K was calculated to be 0.27. An x-ray powder diffraction measurement showed that the as-grown crystal possesses a rhombohedral perovskite structure at room temperature. The room-temperature dielectric constants for poled < 001 >, < 110 >, and < 111 > oriented crystal SCH727965 mw samples are found to be 683, 567, and 435 at 1 kHz, respectively. The (T-m, epsilon(m)) values for < 001 >, < 110 >, and < 111 > oriented crystals are (316 degrees C, 4318), (317 degrees C, 4160), and (318 degrees C, 4348) at 1 kHz, which indicate that the dielectric parameters of the as-grown crystals show weaker anisotropy.

The curves, epsilon(T), for the three crystallographic orientations show two anomalies at about 170 and 320 degrees C, respectively, relating to the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase and the antiferroelectric-paraelectric phase. There is a thermal hysteresis, Delta T approximate to 35 degrees C for the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transformation between heating and cooling. The antiferroelectric phase, the thermal hysteresis, and the dielectric relaxor behavior around 170 degrees C can be attributed to the formation of an intermediate orthorhombic modulated phase at 170-320 degrees C. For the < 001 >, < 110 >, and < 111 > crystal samples, the room-temperature piezoelectric constants, d(33), reach 175, 130, and 70 pC/N, respectively. The remanent polarization for the < 001 >, < 110 >, and < 111 > crystal samples are 8.1, 10.8, and 13.

“
“Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle. Genotyping of

MAP is useful to gain a better understanding of the origin of infection, to evaluate regional control programs, to improve diagnostics, and to develop vaccines. In this study 91 MAP isolates mainly from symptomatic dairy cattle in Rhineland-Palatinate (RP, Germany), its neighbor federal states, and Luxembourg were genotyped using Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) and Multilocus Short Sequence Repeats (MLSSR). MIRU-VNTR and MLSSR produced 11 and 6 different genotypes among the 91 isolates, Selleckchem BAY 80-6946 respectively. The combined analysis of both methods produced 25 genotypes with an index of discrimination (D) of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95).

The results revealed the genetic diversity of MAP and the dominance of two MAP genotypes commonly found in Europe, showed the usefulness of MAP genotyping in studies at a regional scale, and provided useful information for control initiatives in RP. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“P>The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway plays a central role in plant defense responses against insects. Some phloem-feeding insects also induce the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, thereby suppressing the plant’s JA response. These phenomena have been signaling pathway well studied in dicotyledonous plants, but little Dactolisib is known about them in monocotyledons. We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, OsHI-LOX, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens, as well as by mechanical wounding and treatment with JA. Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX (as-lox) reduced SSB- or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) levels, improved the larval performance

of SBB as well as that of the rice leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and increased the damage caused by SSB and LF larvae. In contrast, BPH, a phloem-feeding herbivore, showed a preference for settling and ovipositing on WT plants, on which they consumed more and survived better than on as-lox plants. The enhanced resistance of as-lox plants to BPH infestation correlated with higher levels of BPH-induced H(2)O(2) and SA, as well as with increased hypersensitive response-like cell death. These results imply that OsHI-LOX is involved in herbivore-induced JA biosynthesis, and plays contrasting roles in controlling rice resistance to chewing and phloem-feeding herbivores.

The chloroform (CHCl3) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.0078-0.3125 mu g/mL; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 0.019-0.625 mu g/mL] were found to have strong antibacterial activity against MRSA. Additionally, when the CHCl3 and FLEX extracts were co-administered with ampicillin or oxacillin, a synergistic effect against

MRSA was observed. Furthermore, a time-kill Study evaluating the effects of the extracts against MRSA indicated that treatment with the CHCl3 extract in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin produced rapid bactericidal activity. These results suggest that danshen extracts may have potently antimicrobial activity and thus, it can be a FK228 suitable phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections.”
“Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, have emerged as potential chemopreventive agents Fer-1 Metabolism inhibitor for melanoma. However, the clinical studies have provided contradictory results as to whether NSAIDs reduce the risk of melanoma. Our aim was to assess this association through a detailed meta-analysis of the studies on the subject published in the peer-reviewed literature. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science electronic databases up to July 2012. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed-effects or the random-effects models on the basis of heterogeneity analysis. Subgroup analyses were carried out where data were available. Ten studies involving 490 322 participants contributed to the meta-analysis.

The summary RR estimate on the basis of all studies did not indicate that overall NSAIDs use significantly decreases the risk of melanoma (RR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.86-1.03). The use of neither aspirin (RR=0.96; 95% CI, 0.89-1.03) nor nonaspirin NSAIDs (RR=1.05; 95% CI, 0.96-1.14) was associated with the risk of melanoma. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup analyses of cohort studies (RR=1.03; 95% CI, 0.95-1.13), high-intensity NSAID use (the highest NU7441 supplier dose of NSAID use reported by included studies, RR=1.05; 95% CI, 0.79-1.40), and long-term NSAID use (longest duration of NSAID use reported by included studies, RR=0.87; 95% CI, 0.66-1.14). However, a slight reduction in the risk of melanoma by taking NSAIDs was observed in case-control studies (RR=0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.93). In conclusion, the results of our meta-analysis did not indicate that the use of NSAIDs or aspirin is associated with the risk of melanoma. More and in-depth research should focus on those problems in the future.

[DOI: 10.1063/1.3068622]“
“SETTING: Contact tracing using pediatric index cases has not been adequately investigated

in high tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settings.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the yield of contact tracing in household contacts of pediatric TB index cases in Botswana.

DESIGN: Index cases included all pediatric (age <= 13 years) TB admissions from January 2009 to December 2011 to Botswana’s largest referral hospital. A contact tracing team identified cases, conducted home visits, symptom-screened contacts and referred those with >= 1 TB symptoms. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed TB in a contact.

RESULTS: From 163 pediatric index cases, 548 contacts were screened (median 3 contacts/case, interquartile range [IQR] 2-4). Of these, 49 (9%) were referred for positive symptoms on screening and 27/49 (55%) see more were evaluated for active TB. Twelve new TB cases were diagnosed (12/548, 2.2%); the median age was 31 years (IQR 23-38); 11 (92%) were smear-positive. Ten (83%) had known HIV status: 7 (70%) were HIV-positive. To find one new TB case, the number needed to contact trace (index cases/new cases) was 13.6, and the number needed to screen (contacts/new cases) was 46.

CONCLUSION: This yield of contact tracing using selleck kinase inhibitor pediatric index cases is similar to the traditional adult index case approach. Improving

the proportion of symptomatic contacts evaluated may increase yield.”
“Ecklonia cava (EC) was irradiated with gamma-rays at doses of 3, 7, and 20 kGy. The extraction yields, total polyphenol content (TPC), DPPH CRT0066101 price radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial activity, and color of the EC extracts were assessed. The results showed that irradiation caused an increase in the extraction yields of ethanol and water. TPC was found to be significantly increased when EC powder was subjected to irradiation, followed by ethanol and water extraction. However, DPPH radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities were stable under all irradiation conditions. In the heat and pH stability tests, the DPPH radical scavenging

activities of EC ethanol extracts were not influenced by irradiation. Irradiation caused an increase in the lightness and redness of EC extracts and decreased the yellowness. In conclusion, gamma-irradiation increased the extraction yield and TPC and brightened the color, while maintaining the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.”
“A single precursor technique was used to synthesize gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with diameters from 5 to 7 nm. The blocking temperature of the nanoparticles essentially increases with Fe precursor concentration. Transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy of the different gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticle systems reveal that the local Fe environments in the nanoparticle vary considerably with Fe precursor concentration.

Such instrumentation negates many of the advantages offered by device miniaturisation, particularly with respect to overall portability. In this article, we present a CO2 laser ablation technique for rapidly prototyping on-chip planar lenses, in conjunction with capillary action based autonomous microfluidics, to create a miniaturised and fully integrated optical biosensing platform. The presented

AC220 self-aligned on-chip optical components offer an efficient means to direct excitation light within microfluidics and to directly couple light from a LED source. The device has been used in conjunction with a miniaturised and bespoke fluorescence detection platform to create a complete, palm sized system (approximate to 60 x 80 x 60 mm) capable of performing fluoro-immunoassays. The system has been applied to the detection of cardiac GSK1120212 clinical trial Troponin I, one of the gold standard biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, achieving a lower detection limit of 0.08 ng/ml, which is at the threshold of clinically applicable concentrations. The portable nature of

the complete system and the biomarker detection capabilities demonstrate the potential of the devised instrumentation for use as a medical diagnostics device at the point of care. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Background: Surgical site infection in the spine is a serious postoperative complication. Factors such as posterior surgical approach, arthrodesis, use of spinal instrumentation, age, obesity, diabetes, tobacco use, operating-room environment, and estimated blood loss are well established in the literature to affect the risk of infection. The goal of this study was to analyze and identify independent risk factors for surgical site infection among spine patients undergoing posterior lumbar instrumented arthrodesis.

Methods: The medical records of 3218 patients who underwent posterior

lumbar instrumented arthrodesis from January 2000 to December 2006 were reviewed to identify those who developed a postoperative infection (eighty-four URMC-099 research buy patients; 2.6%). The size of this single-institution patient group allowed construction of a multivariate logistic regression model to evaluate the independent associations of potential risk factors for surgical site infection in the spine.

Results: In the final regression model, obesity, estimated intraoperative blood loss, ten or more people in the operating room, a dural tear, history of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis were critical risk factors for the onset of spinal surgical site infection. Obesity and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the strongest risk factors for postoperative spinal infection after adjusting for all other variables. The most common pathogen was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a prevalence of 34.5%.

“
“Previous High Content Screening work from our group demonstrated improved memory function in bariatric surgery patients at 12 weeks postoperatively relative to controls. However, no study has examined longer-term changes in cognitive functioning following bariatric surgery.

A total of 137 individuals (95 bariatric surgery patients and 42 obese controls) were followed prospectively to determine whether postsurgery cognitive improvements persist. Potential mechanisms of change were also examined. Bariatric surgery participants

completed self-report measurements and a computerized cognitive test battery prior to surgery and at 12-week and 12-month follow-up; obese controls completed measures at equivalent time points.

Bariatric surgery patients exhibited cognitive deficits relative to well-established standardized normative data prior to surgery, and obese controls demonstrated similar deficits. Analyses of longitudinal change indicated an interactive effect on memory indices, with bariatric surgery patients demonstrating better performance postoperatively than obese controls.

While memory performance was improved 12 months postbariatric surgery, the mechanisms underlying these improvements were unclear and did not appear attributable to obvious postsurgical changes, such as reductions in body selleck chemical mass index or comorbid

medical conditions. Future studies employing neuroimaging, metabolic biomarkers, and more precise physiological measurements are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying memory improvements following bariatric surgery.”
“OBJECTIVE: To identify Chlamydia trachomatis antigens associated with tubal factor

infertility and acute infection.

METHODS: Selleck PF-04929113 A C trachomatis proteome array was used to compare antibody profiles among women with tubal factor infertility, normal fertility, and acute C trachomatis infection.

RESULTS: Thirteen immunodominant antigens reacted with 50% or more sera from all women (n=73). Six C trachomatis antigens were uniquely recognized in women with tubal factor infertility. Combining fragmentation of the six antigens with serum sample dilution, chlamydial antigens HSP60, CT376, CT557, and CT443 could discriminate between women with tubal factor infertility and women with normal fertility with a sensitivity of 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-0.77) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 0.91-1), respectively. These antigens were designated as tubal factor infertility-associated antigens. However, these tubal factor antigens were unable to distinguish tubal factor infertility patients from those with acute infection. A combination of CT875 and CT147 distinguished women with acute infection from all other C trachomatis-exposed women with a detection sensitivity of 63% (95% CI 0.41-0.77) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 0.95-1), respectively.

One has to keep in mind that the non-specific psychological interactions play a major role in the improvement of the majority of the headache sufferers.”
“We recently demonstrated that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol

(THC) chronic administration in female adolescent rats induces alterations in the emotional circuit ending in depressive-like this website behavior in adulthood. Since cognitive dysfunction is a major component of depression, we assessed in these animals at adulthood different forms of memory. Adolescent female rats were treated with THC or its vehicle from 35 to 45 post-natal days (PND) and left undisturbed until their adulthood (75 PND) when aversive and spatial memory was assessed using the passive avoidance and radial maze tasks. No alteration was found in aversive memory, but in the radial maze THC pre-treated animals exhibited a worse performance than vehicles, suggesting a deficit in spatial working memory. To correlate memory impairment to altered neuroplasticity, level of marker proteins was investigated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, the most relevant areas for learning and memory. A significant decrease in synaptophysin and PSD95 proteins was found in the prefrontal cortex of THC pre-treated

rats, with no alterations in the hippocampus. Finally, proteomic analysis of the synapses in the prefrontal cortex revealed the presence of less active synapses characterized by reduced ability in maintaining normal synaptic efficiency. This picture demonstrates the presence of AG-14699 cognitive impairment in THC-induced depressive

phenotype.”
“Study Design. Review.

Objective. To review and outline the preoperative evaluation and approach in assessing children with congenital AZD4547 cost vertebral malformation.

Summary of Background Data. Congenital vertebral malformations encompass a broad spectrum of conditions. A high association of renal, cardiac, and intraspinal anomalies with congenital vertebral malformation has been well documented in the literature. Vertebral malformation with involvement of the thoracic cage may lead to the development of thoracic insufficiency. The natural history, the character, and location of the deformity ultimately influence the propensity for progression and the necessity for treatment. Multiple factors should be considered before treatment with the goal of treatment aimed at providing the best possible care to be able to optimize the child’s overall function and potential for growth.

Methods. Narrative and review of literature.

Conclusion. Congenital scoliosis is a multifaceted condition. The presentation of the condition can be quite varied from those presenting with an isolated hemivertebrae to those with severe malformations, complicated by multiple medical conditions. A thorough preoperative evaluation is necessary before the institution of any treatment protocol.

(C) 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure treatment on serum butyrylcholinesterase activity and ischemia-modified albumin levels.

METHODS: Thirty-two patients with obstructive sleep apnea VX-770 concentration and 30 age-and sex-matched controls were enrolled and underwent a diagnostic polysomnogram.

The serum butyrylcholinesterase activity, ischemia-modified albumin levels, metabolic parameters, and polysomnography scores were detected and evaluated. Nine patients were studied before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure.

RESULTS: The serum ischemia-modified albumin levels were significantly higher and the butyrylcholinesterase activity was significantly lower in patients with obstructive sleep apnea than in the controls (p<0.001). The continuous positive airway pressure treatment decreased the modified albumin levels and elevated the buthrylcholinesterase

activity (p = 0.019 and p = 0.023, respectively). The modified albumin levels were positively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.462, p = 0.008) at baseline. Elevated ischemia-modified albumin levels can be more accurate than butyrylcholinesterase activity at reflecting the presence of obstructive sleep apnea. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed a significant difference between the areas under the curve 0.916 for ischemia-modified albumin and 0.777 for butyrylcholinesterase (z = 2.154, Selleckchem BI6727 p = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: The elevated ischemia-modified albumin level was significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea and was more sensitive than butyrylcholinesterase activity in reflecting obstructive sleep apnea. The continuous positive airway pressure treatment helped to ameliorate the imbalance.”
“Background: We investigated the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and

homocysteine on follow-up and subsequent mortality in young ischemic stroke patients in a population-based selleck chemicals llc study. Methods: Young ischemic stroke patients were followed-up on average 6 years after the index stroke. CRP and homocysteine levels were measured and risk factors were recorded, including myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcoholism, and cancer. Stroke outcome was measured using the modified Rankin Scale score. Subsequent survival was obtained by examining the official population registry. Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: In total, 198 patients were included in this study (82 [41%] women and 116 [59%] men). The mean age on follow-up was 47.8 years. In total, 36 (18.2%) patients died during the subsequent mean follow-up of 12.4 years. Cox regression analysis revealed that mortality was associated with CRP (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; P = .001) and homocysteine levels (HR 1.

Our analyses suggest that the plateau was a more risky

environment than the northwest coast. However, the predicted differences in the number and complexity of the populations’ subsistence tools were not observed. The discrepancy between our results selleck kinase inhibitor and those of previous tests of the risk hypothesis is not due to methodological differences. Rather, it seems to reflect an important but hitherto unappreciated feature of the relationship between risk and toolkit structure, namely that the impact of risk is dependent on the scale of the risk differences among populations.”
“The synthesis of Ce-doped Gd oxyorthosilicate nanoparticles using the solution combustion Staurosporine synthesis (SCS) method was investigated as a function of the amount of SiO(2) in the precursor mixture. The SCS product consists of mixtures of Ce-doped Gd(2)SiO(5), Gd(4.67)(SiO(4))(3)O, and Gd(2)O(3), whose relative concentrations depend

on the amount of SiO(2) in the precursor mixture; the synthesis of GSO:Ce was obtained with a reduction by 30% of the SiO(2) content. Accordingly, this is the brightest material produced, with a photoluminescence signal that is comparable to that obtained from the bulk sample. Thermoluminescence (TL) results showed a considerably lower concentration of trapping defects in the nanoparticles than in the bulk sample. A previous study [E. G. Yukihara, L. G. Jacobsohn, M. W. Blair, B. L. Bennett, S. C. Tornga, and R. E. Muenchausen,

J. Lumin. 130, 2309-2316 (2010)] reporting a comparison between photoluminescence and scintillation measurements, coupled to the TL characterization, suggests that surfaces play a major role in decreasing the scintillation efficiency of the nanoparticles. These results show that it is possible to prepare relatively bright scintillator powders using the SCS method. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3647304]“
“A case of murine typhus in Yucatan was diagnosed in a child with nonspecific signs and symptoms. The finding of Rickettsia typhi increases the number of Rickettsia species identified in Yucatan and shows that studies are needed to determine the prevalence and incidence of rickettsioses in Mexico.”
“An experimental arrangement to JNJ-26481585 research buy simultaneously measure the melt strength, velocity profiles, and elongational viscosity profiles across the cross section of a molten filament that emerged from either a circular or slit die for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) under nonisothermal and isothermal conditions is proposed. The proposed experimental rig was based on a parallel coextrusion technique of colored LDPE melt layers into an uncolored melt flowing from the barrel into and out of a die to form a continuous filament before they were pulled down by mechanical rollers until the filament failed.

The basal level of IL-8 gene expression in AEC IIs was only 1/3 of that observed in alveolar macrophages (AMs) while AEC IIs expressed a higher basal level of monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) and also in response to LPS stimulation than do AMs. The increasing basal and LT-induced MCP-1 gene expressions after 8 h of incubation were observed in AEC IIs but decreased in AMs. These findings suggest that AEC IIs play an important role in initial inflammatory reactions of the lung by releasing LTC4, and that

they also modulate later inflammatory reactions, evidenced by consistent elevation of MCP-1 gene expression after and during exogenous challenge in pigs. Crown Copyright (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Three new https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html guaiane sesquiterpene lactones (4S)-4-hydroxy-gweicurculactone (1), zedoalactone G (2), and (1R, 4R, 5S, 10S)-zedoalactone B (3), and three known guaiane sesquiterpene lactones, including zedoarolide B (4), zedoalactone B (5), and a new natural product (+)-zedoalactone A (6), were isolated from the rhizomes Sapitinib of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of 2 was determined via the calculated electronic circular dichroism

(ECD), whereas the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were determined via the ECD data of the [Rh-2(OCOCF3)(4)] complex and [Mo-2(OAc)(4)] complex, respectively. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1-6 on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages were evaluated. All of them exhibited weak anti-inflammatory activity.”
“Hydrophilic matrix tablets were developed with acyclovir (ACV), using hypromelose and polyethylene oxide (PEO) in different concentrations. Matrix tablets obtained in each formulation were evaluated to determine the weight variation, thickness, hardness, drug content, AR-13324 mw swelling and erosion and in vitro release. The swelling and erosion

studies were influenced by pH value and polymer type. The ACV release under acid conditions occurred around 12 and 6 h for PEO and hypromelose matrices, respectively. The mechanism involved in drug release was characterized by anomalous behavior for all formulations, except in 0.1 N HCl where formulations containing hypromelose demonstrated a Super Case II kinetics.”
“We developed and validated a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using fluorescent hybridization probes and melting curve analysis to identify the PKD1 exon 29 (C -> A) mutation, which is implicated in polycystic kidney disease of cats. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 20 Persian cats. The employ of the new real-time PCR and melting curve analysis in these samples indicated that 13 cats (65%) were wild type homozygotes and seven cats (35%) were heterozygotes.