In agreement with previous studies (Schenberg et al., 2000; Schimitel et al., 2012), these data add fresh evidence of the separate processing of DPAG-evoked somatic (freezing and flight) and pelvic (micturition and defecation) responses. Interestingly, urges for micturition and defecation are neither experienced by patients during panic attacks (Goetz et al., 1994, 1996) nor recognised as symptoms typical of clinical panic (WHO, 1993;

APA, 2000). Lastly, comparisons of the thresholds of FS, ES and IS groups are validated by the remarkable similarity of stimulated sites. Indeed, electrodes were mostly localised in DPAG (76.9%) and nearby regions of superior GDC-0199 colliculus (21.5%) that cannot be discriminated by electrical stimulation with sine-wave pulses (Bittencourt et al., 2004; Schenberg et al., 2005). Evidence amassed over recent decades suggests that subjects exposed to uncontrollable stress develop a depression-like syndrome PFT�� research buy characterised by a decrease in motivation to respond to the same or other aversive stimuli, a cognitive deficit (learned helplessness) that interferes with the learning of a new escape task in a heterotypical context, and emotion and mood effects, including the early increase in anxiety and the late development of depression upon prolonged exposure to uncontrollable stress. Data

from yoked experiments presented compelling evidence that these effects result from the subject’s learning that stress is beyond control and not from the stressor aversiveness on its own (Maier & Seligman, 1976; Maier, 1984; Maier & Watkins, 1998, 2005). Similarly, the FST is a widespread procedure for screening of potential antidepressants (Porsolt et al., 1991) that is based on the assumption that floating is an expression of a depressed mood brought about by inescapable stress. Although these models are both based on learning, they differ in other respects. Thus, whereas the learned helplessness appears to be the

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase result of the subject’s associative learning that responses are equally rewarded or punished (Seligman & Beagley, 1975; Maier & Seligman, 1976), the FST is an extinction-like non-associative learning whereby the subject learns that swimming is a futile effort in successfully cope with stress (i.e., escape from the water tank). Consequently, floating has also been interpreted as an energy-sparing tactic (West, 1990). Regardless of whether or not uncontrollable stress produces a true depressed mood, IS inhibition of escape responses to foot-shock and intracranial stimulus implicates the DPAG as a likely substrate of both responses. Indeed, although most researchers associate the outcome of uncontrollable stress with putative changes in hippocampus (Leshner & Segal, 1979; Petty et al., 1993, 1994; Amat et al., 1998; Joca et al., 2003, 2006; Malberg & Duman, 2003; Zhou et al., 2008), amygdala (Maier et al., 1993; Amat et al.

The aim of this project was to evaluate the impact of counselling of cardiology patients by a pharmacist prior to discharge through their satisfaction as well as knowledge about their medicines. Ethical approval was not required as this project was considered as service evaluation. To obtain accurate results, a ‘before and after’ study was designed, where a control period was initially completed where patients were counselled by nurses as per current practice, followed by the intervention period where patients were counselled by a pharmacist prior to discharge. One pharmacist was responsible for counselling

the patients in the intervention group. A questionnaire was used to obtain Atezolizumab research buy results. The first part of the questionnaire includes the validated Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale (SIMS) with the use of five-point Likert scale.3 Examples of the questions include ‘what is your medicine(s) called?’, and ‘what is your medicine(s) for?’ The second

part had questions to determine patients’ knowledge and their views about the service. A total of 94 patients were recruited; 48 patients in the control period, and 46 patients in the intervention group. The table below shows the satisfaction score for the information provided to patients about phosphatase inhibitor library their medication. Mann–Whitney (U) test was used to determine whether there was any significant difference in opinion regarding the information provided in the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the responses of both groups (p < 0.05) for all the questions, indicating a significant increase in patients' knowledge about their medicines the intervention group. Table 1 The satisfaction scores for the information received about medicines, and standard deviation (SD)   Control group Intervention group Mean score Standard deviation (SD) Mean score Standard deviation (SD) The majority of the patients (73%) were aware

of the changes made to their medicine: Montelukast Sodium 61% of the control group, and 85% of the intervention group. The awareness of the patients in the intervention group of the changes in their medication was significantly more than the control group, U = 867.5, z = −2.313, and p = 0.021. Pharmacists can have a significant input into the discharge process through improving patients’ knowledge about medication. Better understanding about medicines will help improve adherence too. However, with the available resources it is not possible to provide patient counselling to all patients being discharged from hospital; therefore, prioritising patients who are at high risk to be counselled by the pharmacy team is important. It is also vital to ensure that nurses receive the appropriate training to provide an equal and acceptable amount of information about medication to all patients prior to discharge. 1. Picton, C.

[16, 17] With international travel soon reaching the 1 billion people traveling per year mark and growing, more effort is needed to explore ways in which injury prevention can be adequately included in pre-travel consultation. An important prerequisite for communication is risk perception, and if providers and travelers do not perceive injuries as risks during travel they are

less likely to discuss these or suggest preventive measures. In this issue of the Journal of Travel Medicine, Piotte and colleagues present findings from their study evaluating pre-travel consultation provided by primary care physicians (PCPs) in France.[18] They present the case of a 25-year-old man traveling alone for a 1-month trek in Peru for whom only 30% of PCPs recommended “repatriation insurance.”[18] Higher risk of injuries is observed in young men and despite the travel itinerary and age-associated risk, fewer PCPs perceived injuries as a risk. Veliparib research buy In fact, PCPs were more

likely to recommend water, hand hygiene, and use of condoms than injury prevention advice. Travelers themselves may also underestimate the risk of injuries, though this perception may change substantially post-travel.[19] The higher risk of RTIs among travelers is caused by many reasons: varied mix of traffic, poor road conditions, unfamiliarity with traffic HDAC phosphorylation rules, unavailability of road safety measures—helmets, seatbelts, child restraints—adventure-seeking attitude during travel, drinking and

driving, speeding, lack of concentration because of exhaustion, jetlag, and cell phone usage when drivings, amongst others.[13] Some of these factors are preventable and pre-travel consultations can include a focused discussion on road safety measures and provision of resources to seek more specific Dichloromethane dehalogenase advice. Clear messages on the risks and how they can be reduced ought to be an important part of pre-travel consults (Table 2). It has been observed that travelers do not adhere to all the pre-travel advice that they receive for prevention of infectious diseases.[20] This may turn out to be the case even for injury prevention advice; therefore alternative approaches to communication and development of factual materials will need to be explored. Further research can also be conducted in the future to study if pre-travel injury prevention advice has an effect on injury outcomes among travelers; this will provide a measure of real effectiveness. In the meantime, injuries are a grave risk for travelers and we propose that pre-travel consultations remain incomplete until they include injury prevention. The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest to declare. This work was partly supported by the Global Road Safety Program of Bloomberg Philanthropies. Prof. Hyder is also supported by grant # 5D43-TW009284 from the National Institute of Health Fogarty International Center, USA.

Nozomi Takeshita 1 and Shuzo Kanagawa 1 “
“We present a case EPZ015666 mouse of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent traveler. Histoplasmosis was acquired in South America; its manifestations included prolonged fever, splinter hemorrhages, erythema multiforme, arthritis, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

To the best of our knowledge no splinter hemorrhages had previously been reported in a patient with histoplasmosis. Histoplasmosis is an uncommon disease in returning travelers. We present a case of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with unusual clinical manifestations. A 64-year-old previously healthy male was admitted for investigation of fever up to 39°C and night sweats that appeared 6 weeks prior to admission. The patient was an avid traveler, and participated in jogging and cycling nearly daily. Symptoms first appeared 7 days after a 1-week trekking tour in Jordan, 3 weeks after a 1-month tour in Bolivia and Brazil, and 6 months after a tour in Angola and Ethiopia. The patient had participated in white

water rafting in Africa and jungle trekking in South America. There was no history of cave exploration or exposure to bats on either trip. On admission, fever, weight loss, conjunctivitis, and a rash involving the dorsal aspects of both hands were noted. As time passed, fever gradually decreased, but weight loss progressed, and splinter hemorrhages (Figure 1), polyarthralgia, and arthritis of the ankles and knees developed. Blood count revealed mild normocytic anemia consistent with anemia related

to chronic inflammatory disease. Blood chemistry showed mild hypoalbuminemia, Pictilisib clinical trial but was otherwise unremarkable. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 50 mm/hour, and C-reactive protein 24 mg/L (normal level 0–5). Additional tests including angiotensin converting enzyme level and a complete rheumatic panel were normal. Abdominal and chest CT scan revealed hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with several pulmonary nodules (Figures 2 and 3). Transesophageal echocardiography Buspirone HCl (TEE) showed no valvular abnormalities or evidence of vegetations. The clinical diagnosis of erythema multiforme was supported by the findings of a skin biopsy. Blood and bone marrow cultures for bacteria and mycobacteria were sterile. Serologic tests for Q fever, Rickettsia, Brucella, Leishmania, HIV, Epstein–Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus were negative. Blood smears for malaria and Borrelia were negative as well. Ten weeks after the onset of symptoms a serologic test for histoplasmosis was submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but was inconclusive. Biopsy of a mediastinal lymph node revealed necrotizing granulomas. Ziehl–Neelsen, silver and periodic acid-schiff stains were negative for mycobacteria and fungi. Culture and PCR for mycobacteria were negative. The lymph node pathology sample was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar slant.

Eligible participants were US citizens or residents who had lived in the United States for at least 12 months, were 18 years or older, and were

proficient in reading English. The survey was initially piloted in 10 travelers to assess readability and acceptability. The questionnaire was then administered to a convenience sample of international travelers departing from Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, via direct flights to a destination outside North America from November 2008 through February 2009. Researchers were able to gain access to secure areas of the airport through U0126 chemical structure existing employment with the CDC Detroit Quarantine Station, located in the Federal Inspection Service area of the airport. Researchers approached subjects at their gates 1 to 2 hours prior to departure. Participants were asked if they would be willing to complete a voluntary, 10-minute, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire about pandemic influenza. A candy was offered as a small reward for participation,

along with an informational pamphlet on pandemic influenza.21 The survey evaluated 16 items in total, including demographic information, international travel excluding North American destinations, frequency and current reason for travel, knowledge and attitudes toward pandemic influenza and health screening at US POE, and anticipated health behavior overseas. After reading the definition of pandemic influenza (Table 1), participants were asked to rate their knowledge of pandemic influenza and their personal perception of its severity. Using scenarios (Table 1) Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase included check details on the questionnaire, participants were asked to rate the likelihood of seeking a physician’s care or delaying return travel in response to

personal illness with influenza-like illness (ILI). Another outcome measured was passengers’ comfort with health screening at US POE. Participants also responded to multiple-choice items assessing reasons one might not see a doctor overseas, might not delay return travel, or be uncomfortable with entry screening. An open-ended question investigated factors affecting compliance with screening measures. Open-ended responses were classified into one or more of nine categories, which were independently reviewed by two researchers. Differences in opinion regarding classification were resolved through consensus. For each Likert-type question, the four options were collapsed to create binary variables used in the univariate data analysis. “Don’t know” responses were excluded from the descriptive analyses and estimations of odds ratios. Although recommended Office of Management and Budget race and ethnicity categories were used, only 7% of participants identified themselves in categories other than White or Asian; therefore, race was collapsed into a binary variable (White/non-White) and ethnicity was excluded for statistical analysis.

Women in this study were only asked about sex with men. Based on responses to these items, the computer-based interview asked pertinent questions about sexual

behaviour. Participants were asked to provide the number of times they had engaged in insertive or receptive vaginal or anal sex with HIV-infected partners, HIV-uninfected partners and partners of unknown HIV status. Participants were also asked about the Obeticholic Acid supplier number of times they had used condoms (male or female) from the beginning to the end of penetration and the number of times sex was unprotected. Unprotected sex was limited in the questioning to any act of insertive or receptive anal or vaginal intercourse in which a participant did not use a condom, a definition that excludes risk acts produced by accidental condom slippage or breakage. Our primary outcome variable was TRB and was defined as unprotected anal or vaginal sex with HIV-negative or status unknown partners. The variable itself was binary (yes/no). We used bivariate correlations and, where appropriate, crosstabs to assess the extent to which our data replicated previously established

bivariate TRB risk and protective factors. In addition, we ran bivariate analyses LY2109761 on all of the nonscale items of the ACASI interview (i.e. all items except those that were part of the Treatment Optimism and Self-Efficacy scales) to determine if any individual questions were viable predictors of TRBs. Because the TRB outcome measure was dichotomous, we chose binary logistic regression for the multivariate modelling. In addition to the variables we planned to test for a relationship with TRBs (i.e. self-efficacy, treatment optimism, age, substance use, engagement with medical care, awareness of risky behaviours and education), we initially entered other variables with reliable (P<0.05) or suggestive (P<0.10) associations with TRBs. After building the initial model we then removed the variable with the weakest association and re-ran the analysis. This process was repeated until all predictors had estimates with P<0.10. The primary purposes of the bivariate analyses were to validate that the present sample

was not dramatically different from previously described samples (i.e. that we could replicate established bivariate relationships) and to generate candidates for our multivariate models beyond those we oxyclozanide intended to test a priori. Therefore, we did not correct for type I error and individual analyses should be interpreted with caution. For all of the analyses described below, positive correlations suggest more TRB and negative correlations suggest less TRB. We were able to replicate bivariate associations in the hypothesized direction for age (r=−0.28, P<0.0005), frequency of alcohol use in the past 3 months (r=0.11, P=0.07), any methamphetamine use in the past 3 months (r=0.25, P<0.0005), any nonprescription sildenafil use in the past 3 months (r=0.20, P=0.001), any cocaine use in the past 3 months (r=0.11, P=0.

DLFs for the tDCS group returned to baseline levels between sessions while remaining at trained levels for the sham group, suggesting that stimulation degraded the consolidation of learning. This is unlike the effect of motor skill learning where anodal tDCS increases between-day consolidation (Reis et al., 2009). There is evidence from letter enumeration

tasks, where subjects determine if the number of letters presented is odd or even, showing that learning is only retained if asymptotic performance is reached within each session (Hauptmann & Karni, 2002; Hauptmann et al., 2005). In the current study, the sham group had stable performance between Blocks 2 and 3, whereas DLFs for the tDCS group decreased in this period, suggesting asymptotic thresholds had not been reached Z-VAD-FMK cell line in the session. The lack of effect of tDCS on frequency selectivity around 1000 Hz, and the decreased sensitivity to TFS during tDCS, indicate that the degradation of frequency discrimination around 1000 Hz by anodal tDCS was probably due to interference with temporal coding. Imposing a transcortical DC current has been shown to immediately alter the spontaneous firing rate of cortical neurons in the rat (Bindman et al., 1964) and it is possible that tDCS interferes directly with temporal

coding by disrupting the precision of the phase-locked firing GSK3235025 pattern of active auditory neurons. Most evidence from both animals and humans points to the importance of temporal coding for frequency perception below 4000–5000 Hz (Rose Reverse transcriptase et al., 1967; Johnson, 1980; Moore, 2012). Auditory neurons show millisecond-precise phase-locking firing rates to both complex and pure tone frequencies below 5000 Hz (Zatorre, 1988; Averbeck et al., 2006). Even small perturbations of temporal coding, in the scale of milliseconds, result in information loss for cortical neurons (Kayser et al., 2010). Changing the excitability of auditory cortex using tDCS could therefore sufficiently disrupt the fine structure information needed for precise temporal

coding. There do not appear to be any studies in either animals or humans showing a dissociation of place and temporal coding processes following lesions to auditory cortex, although bilateral lesions impair perceptual discriminations relying on both temporal (Bowen et al., 2003) and place (Cooke et al., 2007) coding. These processes do appear to be at least partially lateralized, with the left hemisphere showing a preference for temporal information and the right showing a preference for place information (Zatorre & Belin, 2001; Schönwiesner et al., 2005). Our findings that anodal tDCS over auditory cortex decreased frequency selectivity at 2000 Hz but not at 1000 Hz, and decreased sensitivity to temporal fine structure, show that altering auditory cortical excitability in this way has complex effects on auditory function.

001). There was a significant difference

in response latencies to the various facial photos as well (Fig. 8C). The mean response latency to the frontal faces (62.67 ± 1.49 ms) was significantly shorter than that to Selumetinib molecular weight the profile faces (66.00 ± 1.73 ms; paired t-test, P < 0.01). Figure 9 shows response magnitudes in four different epochs of the same neuron shown in Fig. 4. In epoch 1, during the first 50-ms period (Fig. 9A), this neuron showed strong responses to the face-like patterns; three of the face-like patterns (J1, 2, 4) elicited stronger responses than stimuli from the other categories, and the remaining face-like pattern (J3) elicited stronger responses than stimuli from the other categories, except for seven stimuli (Tukey test after one-way anova, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the most face-like patterns (J1) elicited stronger responses than the other face-like patterns (J2, 3, 4; Tukey tests after one-way anova, P < 0.05). In epoch 2, during the second 50-ms period, from 50 to 100 ms after stimulus onset (Fig. 9B), all of the visual stimuli elicited click here significant excitatory responses (WSR

test, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the neuron responded differentially to gaze direction in M2, M3 and W1 (dotted lines; Tukey tests, P < 0.05) and to face orientations in W2 (solid lines; Tukey test, P < 0.05). In epoch 3, during the third 50-ms period, from 100 to 150 ms after stimulus onset (Fig. 9C), only one cartoon face elicited inhibitory responses, while most other stimuli elicited excitatory responses (WSR test, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the neuron responded differentially to gaze direction in W1 and W2 (dotted lines; Tukey tests, P < 0.05). In epoch 10, during the last 50-ms period, from

450 to 500 ms after stimulus onset (Fig. 9D), the face-like patterns elicited stronger responses than some other stimuli. These findings suggest that neuronal responses to visual stimuli were different in different epochs. Figure 10 shows the mean response magnitudes of the 68 visually responsive neurons in four different epochs. The data again revealed N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase similar trends. In epoch 1, the face-like patterns elicited stronger responses than the other visual stimuli (Tukey test after one-way anova, P < 0.01). In epoch 2, response magnitudes to all visual stimuli increased; the mean response magnitude to each stimulus was significantly larger than in epoch 1 (paired t-test, P < 0.05). These results suggest that pulvinar neurons are more sensitive to visual stimuli in epoch 2. These changes in responsiveness were not uniform across the various visual stimuli at the single neuron level; the neurons displayed differential responses to these stimuli. Figure 11A shows the number of differential neurons (one-way anova, P < 0.05) in each epoch. The number of differential neurons was significantly higher in epoch 2 than in epoch 1 (Fisher’s exact probability test, P < 0.001).

The majority of women (63%) were diagnosed with HIV infection through routine antenatal screening. A history of sexual abuse was reported by 45% of patients (18 of 40). Housing and financial problems were reported by over half of the group [58% (36 of 62) and 62% (34 of 55), respectively].

Over half of the patients were unemployed. Of 23 students, six were of compulsory schooling age at conception. An STI screen in the 12-month period pre-conception was documented in 92% of women (33 of 36) and there were no data for 46% (31 of 67). A history of STIs was reported by 43% of women (20 of 46), with no documentation in 31% (21 of Veliparib cost 67). Condoms were used by 35% of women (14 of 40) and 65% (26 of 40) reported no contraception use, while contraception use was not documented in 40% (27 of 67). Contraception advice in the 12 months preceding pregnancy was documented in 60% of women (15 of 25) diagnosed with HIV infection before pregnancy. Discussion of contraception Selleck 17-AAG post-delivery was only documented in less than half (45%) of the notes reviewed. Conception within 6 months after delivery occurred

in 10% (seven of 67) and a further 15% (10 of 67) conceived within 12 months; 47% (eight of 17) of these pregnancies occurred despite documented contraception advice, 88% (15 of 17) were unplanned and 12% (two of 17) were terminated (data not shown). The majority of pregnancies (82%; 41 of 50) were unplanned. Only four patients were taking HAART at conception. Of the 94% (63 of 67) who started ART during pregnancy, prevention of vertical transmission was the sole indication in Selleckchem U0126 81% (51 of 63). ZDV monotherapy was prescribed in 22% of patients. Forty-eight per cent were on a PI-based regimen and 30% on an NNRTI-based combination. ART-associated side effects were

reported by 31% of women (20 of 63), the most frequent being nausea and vomiting (14 of 20). Two patients developed a rash. Treatment was interrupted in 15% of women (three of 20) who reported side effects (data not shown). One hundred per cent adherence was self-reported by 59% of women (34 of 58). An HIV VL <50 copies/mL at or closest to delivery was documented in 62% of women (39 of 63). Pregnancy-related complications such as gestational diabetes (n=1), pre-eclamptic toxaemia (n=2) and antepartum haemorrhage (n=1) were seen in 13% of patients (individual data not shown). Mode of delivery was normal vaginal delivery in 29%, elective Caesarean section in 56% and emergency Caesarean section in 15%. Of the 67 deliveries, 14 (21%) were preterm (<37 weeks) with more than half (eight of 14) occurring at ≤34 weeks. More than half of patients (64%; 36 of 56) received intrapartum intravenous ZDV. There were 66 (99%) live births, of which 82% (50 of 61) received ZDV monotherapy as prophylaxis. The one HIV-infected infant had a positive HIV DNA PCR test within 48 h of delivery, indicating in utero transmission.

82 had a higher BMI (P=0.019) and larger waist circumference (P=0.0003); higher levels of FPG (P=0.001), 2-h post-load glucose

(P=0.007), fasting insulin (P<0.0001), and 2-h post-load insulin (P=0.0003); and lower levels of total cholesterol (P=0.027) and HDL cholesterol (P=0.025). There were no between-group differences in terms of age (P=0.883) or gender (P=0.277); the number of years of antiretroviral exposure (P=0.672); the presence of previous AIDS-defining events (P=0.999), HCV infection (P=0.103) or HBV infection (P=0.265); the use of stavudine (P=0.814) or SB431542 mouse indinavir (P=0.513); CD4 cell count (P=0.591), CD4 percentage (P=0.424); or the level of triglycerides (P=0.954) or LDL cholesterol (P=0.973). Univariable analysis (Table 3) showed that a 1 mIU/L increase in fasting insulin level (OR 1.086; 95% CI 1.019–1.170; P=0.016) and a 0.5 unit increase in HOMA-IR (OR 1.240; 95% CI 1.050–1.495; P=0.014), as well as HOMA-IR values of >2.82, were associated with a higher risk of IGT or DM (OR 9.615; 95% CI 1.148–83.33; P=0.037). The first multivariable analysis (Table 3) showed that lower CD4 cell counts [adjusted odds ratio

(AOR) per 50 cell/μL increase 0.388; 95% CI 0.113–0.755; P=0.038, corresponding to a 60% reduction in the risk of IGT or DM] and lower HOMA-IR values (AOR for HOMA-IR≤2.82=0.001; 95% CI<0.001–0.070; P=0.035, corresponding to an approximately 99% reduction in the risk of IGT or DM) were associated with IGT or DM. Age (P=0.279), gender (P= 0.891), a previous AIDS diagnosis (P=0.059), previous Target Selective Inhibitor Library clinical trial use

of stavudine (P=0.061), family history of diabetes (P=0.713), waist circumference (P=0.182), coinfection with HBV (P= 0.375), and triglyceride (P=0.116), HDL-cholesterol (P= 0.608) and FPG levels (P=0.064) had no independent effect on IGT or DM as diagnosed using the OGTT. The second multivariable model confirmed HOMA-IR as an independent predictor of IGT or DM (AOR for HOMA-IR≤2.82=0.107; 95% CI 0.006–0.663; P=0.044, corresponding to an approximately 89% reduction oxyclozanide in the risk of IGT or DM), whereas low CD4 cell counts (P=0.069) and coinfection with HBV (P=0.375) were not independently associated with IGT or DM. Changes in glucose concentrations, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion appear as early as 3–6 (and even up to 13) years before a diagnosis of DM is made [26]. On the basis of the current guidelines, HIV-infected patients with a family history of diabetes, obesity or metabolic syndrome, or who are taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (especially a PI-based regimen) should undergo a standard OGTT during the first visit to test for impaired glucose intolerance [30]. The European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines (http://www.europeanaidsclinicalsociety.org/guidelines.