Importantly, ganetespib significantly inhibited see more the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin. Results of hematoxylin/eosin staining, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) assays, and immunohistochemistry staining of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (pCDK1), EGFR and Ki-67 revealed significant differences in ganetespib-treated tumors. Collectively, our data suggest that ganetespib, as a new potent treatment option, can be used for

the molecularly targeted therapy of GC patients according to their expression profiles of EGFR.”
“Background. The influence of kinesiophobia on disability in patients with knee osteoartluitis is known, but its influence on functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty remains unexplored. Aims. To assess the influence of kinesiophobia

on functional recovery following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with knee osteoarthritis and to investigate if kinesiophobia was more common in obese patients than in non-obese patients. Design. Cohort study. Setting. Inpatients of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation unit of the Chateau-Renault hospital (France). Population. The study included 89 consecutive patients (mean age = 72.6 years) hospitalized for postoperative rehabilitation after TKA. All patients completed the study. Methods. We evaluated functional outcome by testing maximum passive flexion, pain intensity, the duration of hospitalization, Milciclib research buy and performance in a six minute walk test. Kinesiophobia was assessed by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) score. Obesity was assessed by calculation of body mass index (BMI). A Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine significant independent predictors of the distance at the check details six minute walk test. Results. During the six minute walk test, patients without kinesiophobia walked significantly farther than patients with kinesiophobia (309.5 [83.6] m vs. 264.8 [96.5] m, P=0.048). There were no significant differences in the duration

of hospitalization, the maximum passive flexion, or pain intensity between the two groups. The best multivariate model of factors associated with the performance in the 6 minute walk test included the Lequesne’s score before surgery, the degree of active extension of the knee at the beginning of hospitalization, the TSK scores (total score, classification with the TSK score, “avoidance” subscale score). The overall TSK score did not differ between the obese and non-obese groups. Conclusion. Our study is consistent with previous reports that cognitive and behavioral maladaptative strategies can impair functional recovery after TKA. Moreover, unlike previous work, the principal end-point of our study is an objective measurement of walking capacity, and not a questionnaire. Clinical Rehabilitation Impact.

We investigated the occurrence of ‘tunnels’ under both forest types, and incubated quartz and apatite in mesh bags in soil to test whether ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have access to mineral-derived P,

which was assessed by measuring rare earth element uptake in roots. With the same mesh bags we used pyrosequencing to study fungal community composition. We found mineral weathering ‘tunnels’ under both arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal forests; and both arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal roots showed uptake of rare earth elements from apatite OICR-9429 signifying access to mineral P in apatite. Fungal community composition differed between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal forests, but not between types of incubated minerals. Ectomycorrhizal DNA found in samples from forest sites with only arbuscular mycorrhizal trees did not imply the presence of active ectomycorrhizal communities and should serve as a caution for interpretation of high-throughput environmental sequencing. We suggest that mineral weathering is caused by acidification of the rhizosphere by mycorrhizal fungi, saprotrophic fungi and bacteria. The acidification and weathering in the rhizosphere creates different weathering features in mineral grains, and makes mineral nutrients available

for both arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal Rabusertib plants. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Genetic and acquired bullous dermatoses can severely affect multiple domains of a patient’s quality of life (QOL). Integrating formal evaluation of QOL into the clinical evaluation of patients facilitates an objective assessment of disease severity, mapping of disease trajectory, and captures therapeutic intervention outcomes. There have been 5 studies evaluating QOL in autoimmune dermatoses and 4 studies reviewing QOL in the genodermatoses. All literature to date indicates a significant

disease find more burden in this setting. The development of formal QOL instruments has facilitated quantification of QOL deficits in this arena and offers promising tools for patient assessment in the future. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Shifting drainage patterns in western North America, shaped by geological activity and changing global climates, have influenced the evolution of many aquatic taxa. We investigated the role of late Pleistocene high stands in pluvial Lake Lahontan on the genetic structure of Richardsonius egregius, a minnow endemic to the Lahontan Basin of the western Great Basin. We used the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to generate a phylogeny and assess intraspecific genetic diversity, to estimate divergence times between clades, and to evaluate whether gene flow currently occurs. The results obtained show that R.

001), complications (P = 0.046), transfusion history (P = 0.003) were all predictors of survival. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that grade (HR = 3.1), PST involvement (HR = 2.7), transfusion requirement (HR 2.6) and margin status (HR = 2.0) were the only independent predictors BLZ945 of mortality. PST is a novel predictor of poor outcome for patients with resected pancreatic cancer.”
“Treatments specific to the medical problems caused by methamphetamine (METH) abuse are greatly needed. Toward this goal,

we are developing new multivalent anti-METH antibody fragment-nanoparticle conjugates with customizable pharmacokinetic properties. We have designed a novel anti-METH single chain antibody fragment with an engineered terminal cysteine (scFv6H4Cys). Generation 3 (G3) polyamidoamine dendrimer nanoparticles were chosen for conjugation due to their monodisperse properties and multiple amine functional groups. ScFv6H4Cys was conjugated to G3 dendrimers via a heterobifunctional PEG cross-linker selleck that is reactive to a free amine on one end and a thiol group on the other. PEG modified dendrimers were synthesized by reacting the PEG cross-linker with dendrimers in a stoichiometric ratio of 11:1, which were further reacted with 3-fold molar excess

of anti-METH scFv6H4Cys. This reaction resulted in a heterogeneous mix of G3-PEG-scFv6H4Cys conjugates (dendribodies) with three to six scFv6H4Cys conjugated to each dendrimer. The dendribodies were separated from the unreacted PEG modified dendrimers and scFv6H4Cys using affinity chromatography. A detailed in vitro characterization of the PEG modified dendrimers and the dendribodies was performed

to determine size, purity, and METH binding function. The dendribodies were found to have affinity for METH identical MK-2206 concentration to that of the unconjugated scFv6H4Cys in saturation binding assays, whereas the PEG modified dendrimers had no affinity for METH. These data suggest that an anti-METH scFv can be successfully conjugated to a PEG modified dendrimer nanoparticle with no adverse effects on METH binding properties. This study is a critical step toward preclinical characterization and development of a novel nanomedicine for the treatment of METH abuse.”
“Background Use of kidneys donated after controlled circulatory death has increased the number of transplants undertaken in the UK but there remains reluctance to use kidneys from older circulatory-death donors and concern that kidneys from circulatory-death donors are particularly susceptible to cold ischaemic injury. We aimed to compare the effect of donor age and cold ischaemic time on transplant outcome in kidneys donated after circulatory death versus brain death.\n\nMethods We used the UK transplant registry to select a cohort of first-time recipients (aged >= 18 years) of deceaseddonor kidneys for transplantations done between Jan 1, 2005, and Nov 1, 2010.

Lineage tracing using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre expressed from the Tcf21 locus demonstrated that the majority of Tcf21-expressing epicardial cells are committed to the cardiac fibroblast lineage prior to initiation of epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, Tcf21 null hearts fail to form cardiac fibroblasts, and lineage tracing of the null cells showed their inability to undergo EMT. This is the first report of a transcription factor

essential for the development of cardiac fibroblasts. We demonstrate a unique role for Tcf21 in multipotent epicardial progenitors, prior to the process of EMT that is essential for cardiac fibroblast development.”
“A nucleosides containing block copolymer, poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate)-block-poly(5′-O-methacryloyluridine) (PPEGMEMA(30)-b-PMAU(80)) was self-assembled in aqueous medium and Etomoxir supplier cross-linked via RAFT polymerization at 60 degrees C to afford core-cross-linked FRAX597 inhibitor micelles exhibiting a PPEGMEMA corona and a polynucleotide core. A disulfide cross-linking agent, bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)disulfide, was employed to cross-link the structure via the RAFT process resulting in core-shell nanoparticles, which can degrade under reductive conditions.

The resulting core-cross-linked micelles readily hydrolyzed into free block copolymers in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) in less than 1 h, depending on the concentration of the reducing agent and the amount of cross-linker in the micelle. A small fraction of permanently cross-linked micelle was found as the result of conventional chain transfer to disulfide containing compounds. A model drug, vitamin B-2, was loaded into the micelle. The loading capacity increased with increasing cross-linking degree. The amount of drug released reached 60-70% after 7 h in the presence of DTT (0.65 mM), while the cross-linked micelle in the absence of dithiothreitol shows only a delayed drug release. Cytotoxicity

tests confirmed the biocompatibility of the polymers and the residues after reduction.”
“Goal: B-Raf inhibition The goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Small intestinal release mesalamine (SIRM) for symptom relief in refractory celiac disease (RCD).\n\nBackground: Therapeutic options for the RCD are inadequate and treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants is limited by side effects. SIRM has been shown to have local antiinflammatory action and excellent tolerability.\n\nStudy: We reviewed records of the RCD patients who received SIRM in an open-label therapeutic trial. Data included demo-graphics, disease characteristics, dose and duration of SIRM therapy, and response. Response was categorized as complete if there was complete resolution of symptoms, partial if there was at least 50% improvement, and nonresponsive if there was less than 50% improvement.

In addition, the dense surface skin of the scaffold may inhibit the ingrowth of osteoblasts and bone tissue, while simultaneously encouraging the ingrowth of chondrocytes. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Objective: To develop and test a visual map that corresponds practically and objectively to the anatomical areas affected by endometriosis. Method: The study comprised 150 questionnaires concerning 10 clinical cases of endometriosis presented as a visual diagram that were distributed at 3 different scientific events, among 3 groups of 50 gynecologists. Data were analyzed to evaluate the diagram’s ability to graphically

represent the endometriosis sites. CT99021 molecular weight Results: After presentation at the first event, the rate of correct answers on the site of endometriosis was 84.7%; at the second event, after modifications implemented after feedback from the first event, the rate of correct answers was 97.4%; and at the third event, when all suggestions and

modifications had been Made, the rate was 99.7%. Conclusion: The diagram proposed to map the location of endometriosis lesions appears to be an adequate and effective instrument to represent the site of the disease, with correlation at almost 100%. (C) 2012 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The relationships among the extant five gymnosperm groups-gnetophytes, Pinaceae, non-Pinaceae conifers (cupressophytes), Ginkgo, and cycads-remain equivocal. To clarify this issue, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs) from two cupressophytes, Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and Taiwania cryptomerioides, and 53

common chloroplast MRT67307 protein-coding genes from another three cupressophytes, Agathis dammara, Nageia nagi, and Sciadopitys verticillata, LY2090314 and a non-Cycadaceae cycad, Bowenia serrulata. Comparative analyses of 11 conifer cpDNAs revealed that Pinaceae and cupressophytes each lost a different copy of inverted repeats (IRs), which contrasts with the view that the same IR has been lost in all conifers. Based on our structural finding, the character of an IR loss no longer conflicts with the “gnepines” hypothesis (gnetophytes sister to Pinaceae). Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses of amino acid sequences recovered incongruent topologies using different tree-building methods; however, we demonstrated that high heterotachous genes (genes that have highly different rates in different lineages) contributed to the long-branch attraction (LBA) artifact, resulting in incongruence of phylogenomic estimates. Additionally, amino acid compositions appear more heterogeneous in high than low heterotachous genes among the five gymnosperm groups. Removal of high heterotachous genes alleviated the LBA artifact and yielded congruent and robust tree topologies in which gnetophytes and Pinaceae formed a sister clade to cupressophytes (the gnepines hypothesis) and Ginkgo clustered with cycads.

In this study, we aimed to describe the distribution of Th17, Tc17 and Treg P505-15 clinical trial cells in endometrial carcinoma patients, and elucidate the probable role of these effector T cells.\n\nMethods. We assessed the expression of interleukin (IL)-17 and Foxp3 in the peripheral blood of endometrial carcinoma patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry to determine the relative numbers of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells. Th17 cells and Tc17 cells were counted as percentages of the total number of CD3(+) T cells; Treg cells were counted as a percentage of the total number of CD4(+) T cells. We also evaluated

Th17 and Tc17 cells in tumor tissue by immunohistochemical staining. IL-17 and IL-10, dominant products of these three cell types, were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.\n\nResults. The frequencies of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells, as well as the serum level of IL-10, were significantly elevated in endometrial carcinoma patients SHP099 in vivo compared to healthy controls. The Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg ratios were also observed to change significantly. However, there was no significant difference on the IL-17 levels in the serum. Additionally, immunohistochemistry performed on tumor tissues indicated that the amounts of Th17 and Tc17 increased in the cancer patients.\n\nConclusions. Our data suggests

a probable involvement of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma. Restoring the balance of these cells may help with the research and development of immunotherapies for endometrial carcinoma. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“The hypothesis is summarised schematically in Fig. 1.\n\nIt is proposed that mechanical deformation of the skin by needles and application of heat or electrical current leads to release

of large amounts of ATP from keratinocytes, fibroblasts and other cells in skin; the ATP then occupies specific receptor subtypes expressed on sensory nerve endings in the skin and tongue; the sensory nerves send impulses through ganglia to WZB117 inhibitor the spinal cord, the brain stem, hypothalamus and higher centres; the brain stem and hypothalamus contain neurons that control autonomic functions, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinogenital and musculo-skeletal activity. Impulses generated in sensory fibres in the skin connect with interneurons to modulate (either inhibition or facilitation) the activities of the motoneurons in the brain stem and hypothalamus to change autonomic functions; specifically activated sensory nerves, via interneurons, also inhibit the neural pathways to the pain centres in the cortex. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A neurologically intact 37-year-old woman presented with an acute severe frontal headache after a month of intermittent headaches.

Reliable discriminators between patients and healthy subjects in adulthood could be alpha and theta power density. Based on our results, we suggest further research involving longitudinal studies in ADHD patients to investigate the changes of EEG abnormalities with age.”
“To study the spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hundred SLE patients as per American Rheumatology Association(ARA) classification see more criteria

underwent clinical examination, including assessment of disease activity (SLEDAI) and laboratory evaluation for serum triiodothyronine (T3),free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody and antithyroglobulin (TG) antibody. Hundred age- and sex-matched apparently healthy individuals served as control. Thirty-six (36%) lupus patients had thyroid dysfunction when compared to 8 (8%) of controls and all of them were women. Primary hypothyroidism was the commonest dysfunction in 14 (14%), while subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was seen in 12 (12%) and 2 (2%), respectively. Eight (8%) had isolated low T3 consistent with sick euthyroid syndrome. Eighteen (50%) of thyroid dysfunction were autoimmune in nature (autoantibody positive) and rest 18 (50%) were non-autoimmune. Euthyroid state with the elevation of antibodies alone was seen in 12 (12%) of the lupus patients.

In contrast, only 5 (5%) of controls had primary hypothyroidism and 3 (3%) had subclinical selleck screening library hypothyroidism, while none had hyperthyroidism. SLEDAI score and disease duration were compared between lupus patients with thyroid dysfunction to those with normal thyroid function. A statistically significant association was found between SLEDAI and thyroid dysfunction of sick euthyroid type.SLE disease duration had no statistically significant

association with thyroid dysfunction. Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in lupus patients was 30% when compared to 10% of controls. Ninety-six (96%) of the SLE patients were ANA positive, while 4 (4%) of them were ANA negative but were anti-Sm antibody positive. There were no suggestions of any other autoimmune endocrine diseases like diabetes or Addison’s disease (clinically and on baseline investigations) in our check details lupus cohort and hence no further work up was done for these diseases. Thyroid disorders are frequent in SLE and are multifactorial with a definite higher prevalence of hypothyroidism as well as thyroid autoantibodies.”
“Introduction: Although cetuximab and panitumumab show an increased efficacy for patients with KRAS-NRAS-BRAF and PI3KCA wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, primary resistance occurs in a relevant subset of molecularly enriched populations.\n\nPatients and Methods: We evaluated the outcome of 68 patients with advanced colorectal cancer and RAS, BRAF and PI3KCA status according to ALK gene status (disomic vs.

The bright vessel appearance had a significantly higher sensitivity for the detection of occlusion than the susceptibility vessel sign (94% [33 of 35] versus 66% [23 of 35], respectively; P=0.002). Cilengitide clinical trial In cases with negative MR angiography, the bright vessel appearance helped identify more additional arterial occlusions than the susceptibility vessel sign (21% [17 of 82] versus 10% [8 of 82], respectively; P=0.012). Conclusions-The bright vessel

appearance on ASL imaging can provide an important diagnostic clue for the detection and localization of arterial occlusion sites in patients with acute ischemic stroke.”
“Bipolar depression represents the most difficult-to-treat phase of bipolar disorder, mood-stabilizing compounds and second-generation antipsychotics being only partially effective, whereas the use of antidepressants is highly controversial because of risks of inefficacy, switching,

rapid cycling, and increased suicidality. Among various augmentative pharmacological treatments, compounds with dopamine-enhancing activity have been shown to be variably beneficial in the treatment of bipolar PD0332991 in vitro depression with drug-resistance features. In particular, pramipexole – a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist – showed antidepressant properties in bipolar depressed patients in both randomized-controlled trials and open acute and follow-up reports. The present review aims to provide an updated perspective on the use of adjunctive pramipexole

in bipolar depression, taking into account randomized-controlled trials, as well as open naturalistic studies, with a specific focus on the evaluation of acute versus long-term data in terms of effectiveness and tolerability. Despite methodological differences, short-term studies support the acute efficacy and tolerability/safety of adjunctive pramipexole, whereas open extended observations seem to confirm the effectiveness of the compound, with some additional concern in terms of safety and tolerability issues. Adjunctive pramipexole may be a valid option in both the acute and the long-term treatment of drug-resistant bipolar depression, with possible superior YM155 mouse tolerability in the short term.”
“The aim of this study was to monitor changes in behavioral and emotional responses to human H5N1 in the community over a 28-month period (from November 2005 to February 2008).\n\nA total of 3,527 Hong Kong Chinese adults were interviewed by telephone within the framework of six identical cross-sectional surveys carried out during the 28-month study period. Given a hypothetical scenario that two to three new human-to-human H5N1 cases had been reported in Hong Kong, the trends of the respondents in various H5N1-related risk perceptions, anticipated personal psychological responses, and anticipated personal preventive behaviors were investigated.

The study of visual perception and object recognition was once limited to investigations of brain-damaged individuals or lesion experiments in animals. However, in the last 25 years, new methodologies, such as functional neuroimaging buy BI 6727 and advances in electrophysiological approaches, have provided scientists with the opportunity to examine this problem from new perspectives. This review highlights how some of these recent technological advances have contributed to the study of visual processing and where we now stand with respect to our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying object recognition.

Published by 4 Elsevier Ltd.”
“Background: Arterial hypertension and premature coronary, artery disease are poorly understood complications of cardiac transplantation in children. Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk in adults. Pulse wave velocity

(PWV) may be used as a surrogate for arterial rigidity. In this study We investigate PWV in children after cardiac transplantation.\n\nMethods: Sitting blood pressure was Measured in 22 children (>6 months after transplantation) and 95 controls and PWV was measured using the SphygmoCor device by high-fidelity applanation tonometry at the carotid, radial and femoral arteries.\n\nResults: The transplant group was significantly older than the control group (13.4 years vs 11.1 years; p 0.006), but there was no significant height or weight selleck products difference. The diastolic (but not systolic) pressure was

significantly higher in the transplant group (75 ram Hg vs 65 mm Hg; MEK activity p = 0.003). Aortic (carotid/femoral) PWV was significantly associated with age, height, weight (in the control group only) and systolic blood pressure according to univariate analysis, whereas brachial (carotid/radial) PWV was unrelated to these. According to multivariate analysis, height accounted best for all relationships with aortic PWV, and age and weight for brachial PWV. Using multivariate analysis, PWV was significantly higher in the cardiac transplant group for brachial (7.6 m/s vs 6.6 m/s; p < 0.01) and aortic (5.3 m/s vs 4.7 m/s; p < 0.001) measurements. The relation between length of time since transplantation and aortic PWV was statistically significant (p < 0.01).\n\nConclusions: Arterial rigidity is increased in children after cardiac transplantation. An improved understanding of blood pressure and arterial stiffness may help inform the choice of blood pressure medication in these patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009 28:21-5. Copyright (C) 2009 by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.”
“Aerobic granular sludge is a new type of microbe auto-immobilization technology; in this paper, short-cut nitrification and denitrification were effectively combined with the granular sludge technology.

Several possible surgical approaches were considered, including a transsylvian approach and a contralateral interhemispheric approach. ON-01910 datasheet Ultimately, the patient underwent a contralateral interhemispheric

trans-striatocapsular approach to the lesion and was discharged without neurologic deficit within 72 hours.\n\nCONCLUSION: The approach described here is a novel alternative to transsylvian or supracarotid approaches to the anterior inferior basal ganglia and in this patient provided a well-tolerated surgical corridor that allowed complete resection of his cavernoma. We discuss several advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches to the anterior inferior basal ganglia.”
“Early lymphocyte recovery following auto-SCT for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) has been reported to be associated with improved outcome. The significance of early lymphocyte recovery following a stem cell transplant in NHL

subtype diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the rituximab era remains unclear. Patients who underwent an auto-SCT at our institution for DLBCL during the time period 1998-2008 (n=115) Ilomastat datasheet were included in the study. Patient characteristics were well-balanced in both rituximab naive and rituximab-exposed groups. Prior rituximab therapy did not affect lymphocyte recovery on day 14 or day 28. Lymphocyte recovery on day 14 and day 28 and prior rituximab had no impact on survival after auto-SCT for DLBCL, despite early benefit. Other factors such as age, stage at presentation, number of salvage

regimens, mobilization procedure, conditioning regimen, pre-transplant radiation therapy and pre-transplant disease status had no impact on survival. Our data showed that the survival benefit with early lymphocyte recovery and prior rituximab seen in previous reports may be lost with longer follow-up. Prior rituximab therapy does not appear to influence the lymphocyte count at days 14 and 28 following auto-SCT. Our findings suggest that future trials should consider manipulating the immune system as a post transplant intervention to improve long-term outcome. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2012) 47, 82-87; doi: 10.1038/bmt.2011.29; published DMXAA online 28 February 2011″
“Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) may contribute to the systemic illness that accompanies chronic heart failure (CHF). Healthy elderly with vitamin D deficiency who did not develop hyperparathyroidism (functional hypoparathyroidism, FHPT) had lower mortality than those who did. This study was designed to examine determinants of the PTH response in the vitamin D insufficient CHF patients. Sixty five vitamin D insufficient males with NYHA class II and III and 20 control 432 subjects age >= 55 years were recruited. Echocardiography, physical performance, NT-pro-BNP, PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D), adiponectin and bone activity surrogate markers (OPG, RANKL, OC, beta-CTx) were assessed.