The question of the relative contribution of bupropion and methylphenidate including their possible synergy cannot be resolved in the present case. The slight weight loss observed already with bupropion alone suggests that this drug contributed to the effect observed after the addition of methylphenidate. Nevertheless, the observed selleck chemical Carfilzomib sustained weight reduction renders a combination of bupropion and methylphenidate Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a promising strategy, worthy of further investigation. This holds at

least for therapy refractory obesity related to pituitary brain tumours, which may be insufficiently treated with cabergoline or bromocriptine regarding weight aspects. Moreover, the combination of these three dopaminergic drugs (cabergoline, bupropion Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and methylphenidate) was well tolerated and led to no specific side effects, which has not been described in the literature, to date. Definite information about safety cannot be derived from this case report, however. Particularly effects on lowering the seizure threshold in patients with epilepsy but also effects on other comorbid conditions have to be taken into account. Overall, our results support the role of dopaminergic deficiency and dysfunctional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical reward processing in this still insufficiently understood condition [Greenman et al. 1998]. Footnotes Funding:

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Contributor Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Information Jan Terock, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany. Fritz Hohagen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Dirk Petersen, Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Bartosz Zurowski, Department Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Obsessive and compulsive symptoms (OCSs)

are a common [Cunill et al. 2009] and hardly treatable feature in schizophrenia. No pharmacological add-on strategy has gained convincing evidence for successful treatment so far. Therefore, we here report on five patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria, on admission with OCSs in the spotlight, www.selleckchem.com/products/Perifosine.html showing diminished symptoms Cilengitide after add-on therapy with ziprasidone. One female (aged 44) and four male patients (aged 27–33) suffering from chronic paranoid schizophrenia with a mean duration of illness of 10 years were administered to our hospital due to severe OCSs. In all of their psychiatric histories OCSs had begun concurrently with the onset of schizophrenia and prior to initiation of any medical treatment (including prior clozapine treatment, as this drug seems to be associated with an onset of OCSs [Schirmbeck and Zink, 2012]). The content of OCSs was about shameful thoughts such as sexual deviations and contamination; observable compulsions were washing, cleaning and controlling.