The size of DNA fragments ranged from 1030 to 19 937, 1000 to 11 247, 521 to 21 735, and 380 to 31 103 bp in

the four phages, φVh1, φVh2, φVh3, and φVh4, respectively. XbaI produced more number of fragments (13, 12, 16, and 18) ranging from 492 to 28 279, 1034 to 11 254, 458 to 11 331, and 224 to 39 618 bp of the four phages, respectively (Fig. 3). The genome size based on PFGE profiles generated with ScaI and XbaI showed little variation (0.8–3.3 kb) with the two enzymes, and the genome size of each phage was calculated as an average of the two profiles. The estimated genome size of the four phages was 85, 58, 64, and 107 kb corresponding to φVh1, φVh2, φVh3, and φVh4, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of phages based on DraI REA pattern showed distinct nature of phage φVh3, which separated from the cluster of the other three siphoviruses at 63% hierarchical level (Fig. 4a). Similarly, the phylogenetic analysis based on PFGE selleck chemical upon restriction with ScaI and XbaI revealed that the phage φVh3 was distinct and did not cluster with other three siphoviruses as observed in the cluster analysis of DraI REA (Fig. 4b and c). Among the three Ferroptosis inhibitor clinical trial siphoviruses, phage φVh4 was distinct from the other two phages, which branched separately at 56% and 70% hierarchical level in the ScaI and XbaI PFGE dendrograms, respectively. Phages φVh1 and φVh2 showed clustering

at 83% and 86% hierarchical level with ScaI and XbaI, respectively, suggesting their similarity. Vibrio harveyi Vh57 Depsipeptide purchase susceptible to all the four phages was successfully transformed with the plasmid DNA (pHSG396). The transformants harboring the plasmid produced blue colonies on PYSS agar supplemented with chloramphenicol, Xgal, and

IPTG. The transductants obtained after infection of plasmid transformed donor strain with the four phages grew on PYSS medium supplemented with chloramphenicol producing blue colonies as they acquired the plasmid PHSG 396 DNA. The frequency of transduction of four phages ranged from 4.1 × 10−7 to 2 × 10−9 PFU−1 (Table 1). So far, 227 tailed phages infecting Vibrio spp. have been described, among which 67 belonged to the family Siphoviridae (Ackermann, 2007). In this study, three phages (φVh1, φVh2, and φVh4) with a long noncontractile tail (130–329 nm long) and an isometric head (approximately 60–115 nm in diameter) belonged to the family Siphoviridae and resemble the phages described earlier (Pasharawipas et al., 2005; Vinod et al., 2006; Shivu et al., 2007). One phage, φVh3, belonged to the family Podoviridae according to criteria of head, tail, and genetic material (Ackermann, 2001). According to Ackermann, capsid and tail size of tailed phages range from 30 to 160 and 10 to 800 nm, respectively (Ackermann, 2005). Reports on the isolation of bacteriophages belonging to the family Podoviridae from the aquaculture ecosystems are scanty. A member of this group infecting V.