The effects of catalyst concentration, reaction time, hydrogen pressure, and temperature on the hydrogenation of HTBN were investigated and obtained the following optimum process parameter values: catalyst mass fraction of 0.8%, reaction time of 8 h, pressure of 1.6 MPa, and temperature of 100 degrees C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the hydrogenation product of the protected HTBN, indicating that under certain conditions a high degree of hydrogenation of HTBN can be achieved. Only the carboncarbon double bonds (C=C), not the -CN bonds, are subject to hydrogenation. (C) 2011 Wiley

Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS click here virus

(PRRSV), is globally the most economically important disease in commercial pigs, and novel control strategies are sought. This paper explores the potential to use host genetics to decrease the impact of PRRS on reproductive sows. Commercial pig data (7,542 phenotypic records) from a farm undergoing an outbreak of PRRSV were analyzed to assess the impact of PRRS on reproductive traits and the inheritance of such traits. First, differing methodologies were used to partition PND-1186 concentration the data into time periods when the farm was disease free and when the farm was experiencing PRRSV outbreaks. The methods were a date/threshold method based on veterinary diagnosis and a threshold/threshold method based on trends in underlying performance data, creating the DTD and TTD data sets, respectively. The threshold/threshold method was more stringent in defining periods when PRRS was likely to be having an impact on reproductive performance, resulting in a data set (TTD) that was slightly smaller (1,977 litters from 1,526 sows) than that from the date/threshold method (3,164 litters and 1,662 sows), and it showed more pronounced impacts of PRRS on performance.

Selleck Small molecule library Impacts on performance included significant increases in mean values of mummified and stillborn piglets (0.04 to 1.13 and 0.63 to 1.02, respectively) with a significant decrease in total born alive (10.3 to 9.08). Estimated heritabilities during the healthy phase were generally less (mummified piglets = 0.03 +/- 0.01, matings per conception = 0.04 +/- 0.01) than during the PRRSV outbreak (TTD data set; mummified piglets = 0.10 +/- 0.03, matings per conception = 0.46 +/- 0.04). These results imply genetic variation for host resistance to, or tolerance of, PRRSV, particularly with the TTD data set. Genetic correlations between reproductive traits measured in the healthy phase and TTD data set varied from effectively zero for traits describing numbers of mummified or dead piglets to strongly positive for litter size traits.