The Doors and People Test is particularly well suited for studying material-specific long-term memory as contains separate assessments of visual and verbal four-choice recognition memory (Doors and Names subtests, respectively) as well as visual and verbal recall (Shapes and People subtests). The Rey Complex Figure Test provides measures of visual recall following delays of 3 min and 20 min; and the Logical memory subtests provide measures of immediate and delayed verbal recall, and immediate verbal

recognition. These standardized tests have also been used in many previous studies of amnesia, and, therefore, including them here provides a bridge with the literature.

According to the material-specific Pictilisib concentration hypothesis of long-term memory, a double dissociation Galunisertib is predicted, with OG’s right-sided lesion causing a disruption of visual memory and sparing of verbal memory, and SM’s left-sided lesion causing an impairment of verbal memory and sparing of visual memory. Furthermore, we predicted material-specific memory impairments to be evident for both patients in recognition and recall because both had suffered disruption of the perirhinal-mediodorsal thalamic pathway, which subserves recognition, and of the MTT that, as part of the hippocampus-anterior thalamus circuit, subserves recall (Aggleton & Brown, 1999, 2006). Two right-handed male patients (SM and OG) are reported. Patient OG is a right-handed, male of high average intelligence (see Table 2). He was aged 70 at the time of testing. OG enjoys

an active life-style that involves playing bridge a couple of times a week, walking up to 25 miles per week and caring for his grand-children. Prior to his stroke in 2000, he worked as an electrical engineer. The patient has a 30-year history of visual migraine and hypertension. Patient SM is a right-handed male of superior intelligence (see Table 2). He worked as a physician prior to suffering a stroke in 2006. He has now retired from clinical duties, but continues to teach and examine MCE medical students and junior doctors. SM has no premorbid medical history of significance. Both patients’ initials have been changed to preserve anonymity and fully informed written consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by North Staffordshire NHS research ethics committee. Because the patients varied in age and IQ, their performance on the tests of memory is compared to separate groups of healthy controls matched to each patient for gender, age, premorbid IQ (National Adult Reading Test, Nelson & Willison, 1991), and current levels of functioning (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Wechsler, 1999).