The participants then returned into sitting position and their blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored for a duration of five minutes before discharge. For each participant, MAP, RPP, and PP, as dependent variables, were computed. MAP is an important done predictor of cardiac output,17 RPP is a valid predictor of myocardial oxygen demand, and PP is a good predictor of stroke volume.10 The ethical approval of the Ethics Committee of the University of Maiduguri Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Teaching Hospital was obtained before the commencement

of this study. Data Analyses Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16.0). Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were drawn upon to describe the participants’ physical characteristics and to describe the cardiovascular responses at rest and at different time points during the HDCK position, i.e. at one and three minutes into prostration. Inferential statistic of the independent t-test was employed to determine differences in the physical characteristics

between the male Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and female participants, and the analysis of variance Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (two-way ANOVA) was utilized to determine differences in the cardiovascular responses between the male and female participants at rest and during the HDCK position. Least Significance Difference (LSD) was used as a post-hoc test to probe http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Lenalidomide.html significant main effects, and a significance level of 0.05 was adopted in the study. Results The mean age of the participants was 27.73±6.64 years. The mean height and weight of the male participants were significantly higher than those of the females, as is shown in table 1. Table 2 shows the gender differences Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the participants’ cardiovascular responses to the HDCK position. There was no significant difference in the baseline diastolic blood pressure (P=0.14), RPP (P=0.20), and PP (P=0.38) between the males and females. The male participants had significantly higher baseline systolic blood pressure (P<0.001) and MAP (P<0.002) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical than the females, while the females had significantly higher Carfilzomib baseline pulse rate

(P<0.001) than the males. Furthermore, the systolic pressure and MAP were significantly higher (P<0.001) among the males than the females at one and three minutes into the HDCK position. Pulse rate was significantly higher among the female than the male participants at one and three minutes into the HDCK position (P<0.001). Table 1 Physical characteristics of the participants and differences by gender Table 2 Cardiovascular responses and differences by gender at rest and at one and three minutes into Sujood Table 3 illustrates the effect of time during the HDCK position and gender on the cardiovascular responses of the participants. Significant differences were found in the time frames spent in the HDCK position for all the cardiovascular parameters, except for PP (F=2.02, P=0.13).