Several transcription factors have been identified that mediate drought response pathways independent from the ABF3 pathway. thoroughly Members of the DREB family of transcription factors function in abiotic stress signalling and members of the DREB2 subfamily are known to function in ABA independent drought stress signalling. DREB2A and DREB2B, as expected, were upregulated Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries in Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries response to drought in both plant lines at both time points. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries In addi tion, DREB1B CBF1 and DREB1C CBF2 were also upregulated in both lines at both time points and DDF1 was upregulated at 24 h. While the DREB1 subfamily is primarily associated with cold stress signalling, there is some evidence that members also function in dehydration stress. Three NAC transcription factors also function in a drought signalling pathway that is independent from ABF3.

ANAC19, ANAC055 ATNAC3, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and ANAC072 RD26 are all expressed at both time points in both plant lines. Another six members of the NAC family of tran scription factors are also com monly regulated in both 35S ABF3 and control plant lines. Also in this category are Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries many genes that are known to be regulated in response to drought stress. This includes genes involved in the biosynthesis of osmo lytes, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors, as well as several different types of transporters. This further suggests that some drought signalling pathways are unaffected by ABF3 overexpression Genes with an enhanced response in 35S ABF3 plants There are 407 genes that demonstrated an enhanced response in 35S ABF3 plants.

Of these, 332 are uniquely regulated in 35S ABF3 plants with 9 differentially expressed at both time points, 87 differentially expressed only at 2 h and 236 differentially expressed at 24 h. In addition, 47 genes are differentially expressed in the control line at only selleck inhibitor 24 h and 27 genes are differentially expressed in the control line at only 2 h while in the 35S ABF3 line they are differentially expressed at both time points. Finally, there is a transposable element gene that is differentially expressed in 35S ABF3 plants at 2 h but is only differentially expressed in control plants at 24 h. A number of genes in this category could contribute to the enhanced drought tolerance of 35S ABF3 plants. Several genes involved in the biosynthesis of the osmolyte trehalose show enhanced upregulation while two genes involved in osmolyte catabolism show enhanced downregulation. Two genes involved in detox ification show enhanced upregulation in 35S ABF3 as do three LEA proteins. A number of transporters also show enhanced regulation in 35S ABF3 lines.