In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged to globally map phosphorylation in yeast. In this article, we review these technologies and discuss how these phosphorylation mapping efforts have shed light on
our understanding of kinase SBE-β-CD signaling pathways and eukaryotic proteomic networks in general.”
“Purpose of review
The clinical data about the impact of heart rate reduction in heart failure therapy will be reviewed.
Recent findings
Clinical and experimental studies showed an association between elevated resting heart rate and mortality risk in heart failure patients. This review summarizes that heart rate level at rest and its extent of reduction is a sensitive indicator for outcome in heart failure. In addition to the nonspecific heart rate reducing drugs like beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides and Ca2+ antagonists, ivabradine is a highly selective heart rate reducing agent without modifying ventricular contractility
and atrioventricular conduction in humans and animals, and has recently been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure by lowering see more the heart rate only. The present and future role of heart rate reduction in the spectrum of heart failure disease and therapy will be outlined and evaluated.
Summary
Elevated heart rate at rest represents a key indicator of adverse outcome in heart failure and implies a major treatment target in these patients.”
“In this paper, we propose a new multi-scale technique for multi-modal image registration based on the alignment of selected gradient orientations of reduced uncertainty. We show how the registration robustness and accuracy
can be improved by restricting the evaluation of gradient orientation alignment to locations where the uncertainty of GSK2879552 chemical structure fixed image gradient orientations is minimal, which we formally demonstrate correspond to locations of high gradient magnitude. We also embed a computationally efficient technique for estimating the gradient orientations of the transformed moving image (rather than resampling pixel intensities and recomputing image gradients). We have applied our method to different rigid multi-modal registration contexts. Our approach outperforms mutual information and other competing metrics in the context of rigid multi-modal brain registration, where we show sub-millimeter accuracy with cases obtained from the retrospective image registration evaluation project. Furthermore, our approach shows significant improvements over standard methods in the highly challenging clinical context of image guided neurosurgery, where we demonstrate misregistration of less than 2 mm with relation to expert selected landmarks for the registration of pre-operative brain magnetic resonance images to intra-operative ultrasound images.