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cultivation. All of the authors examined and agreed with the final manuscript.”
“Background Obesity and its associated morbidities have become an increasing problem in many countries around the world. While traditionally regarded as primarily a question of a sedentary lifestyle in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, new studies also point to the composition of the intestinal microbiota as a potentially contributing factor. In studies of diet-induced obesity and its association with the gut microbiota, it may be preferable to eliminate the influence of host genotype on the composition of the gut microbiota by choosing genetically identical animals. Some early investigations comparing the composition of the microbiota in human mono-zygotic twins (MZ) with di-zygotic twins (DZ) reported that the host genome was influencing the microbial composition in the gut [1, 2]. A similar study based on 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that bacterial community in human MZ twins was slightly more similar than in unrelated individuals

[3] suggesting that genetically identical individuals harbor a similar gut microbiota. Montelukast Sodium In a more recent study on the relationship between gut microbiota, diet and genetic influences in mice, the authors stated that the changes in gut microbiota were unrelated to genetically induced obesity and were merely due to high-fat (HF) diet [4]. Therefore, the influence of the host genome on the gut microbiota currently remains controversial. When choosing an animal model for studying human diseases, it is important to choose animals that physiologically resemble humans. Pigs are good models for humans, primarily due to close resemblance of their anatomy and physiology of the digestive system and because pigs are omnivorous like humans [5, 6].