Among the technologies in the industrial sector, efficient industrial motors make a relatively high contribution to GHG reduction. The transport sector accounts for 10 % of the total GHG emission reduction in 2020. Biofuel contributes the largest reduction in the transport sector. The other reductions in the transport sector are attained from the introduction of the HEV and fuel efficiency improvement of conventional passenger vehicles, CH5183284 research buy trucks, and other transport modes. Non-energy technologies contribute substantially. In 2020, for example, they account for as much as one-fourth of the total GHG emission reduction. Among the non-energy technologies,

systems to control fugitive CH4 emissions, including systems for gas recovery and BMS-907351 in vitro utilization, contribute a substantial part of the 2020 reductions. Meanwhile, the waste management and agriculture sectors, respectively, contribute up to 6 and 4 % of the total GHG emission reduction in 2020. In contrast to 2020, non-energy technologies in 2050 contribute less than 10 % of the total GHG reduction. In other words, more than 90 % of the total GHG reduction in 2050 is attained from energy technologies. Among the energy technologies, CCS contributes substantially. CCS systems are installed in power plants, other transformation

processes, and energy-intensive industries such as iron and steel and cement. In total, CCS contributes about 100 GtCO2-eq of the GHG emission reduction, or about 20 % of the total reduction, in 2050. Solar power generation, wind power generation, biomass power generation, and biofuel also contribute substantially to the GHG emission reduction. In 2050, for example, they collectively account for 44 % of the total reduction. Technological cost of achieving a 50 % reduction A 50 % reduction of GHG emissions by 2050 can be achieved

by introducing the technologies described in “Technologies for achieving 50 % reduction.” Yet introducing GHG emission reduction technologies also requires additional cost. Our next task, therefore, is to determine cost for introducing emission reduction technologies in different Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) regions and sectors. In this section we assess the additional investment and total technological cost to achieve the s600 scenario. Investment cost In the s600 scenario, worldwide cumulative incremental investment reaches US$ 6.0 trillion by 2020 and US$ 73 trillion by 2050 relative to the reference scenario. These amounts correspond to 0.7 and 1.8 % of world GDP in the same periods. Figure 16 shows a regional breakdown of required incremental investment cost in the s600 scenario relative to the reference scenario by 2020 and 2050. By 2020, Annex I regions account for about half of total world investment, and non-Annex I regions account for 46 %. Yet by 2050, the share of non-Annex I regions in world investment rises to 55 %.