50 × 108 1.69 × 109 2.17 × 109 2.11 × 109 1.22 × 109 2.40 × 109 0.2 2.0 × 109 1.92 × 109 1.42 × 109 1.73 × 109 1.42 × 109 1.40 × 109 5.50 × 108 1.07 × 109 1.64 × 109 1.61 × 109 1.18 × 109 2.30 × 109 0.3 1.47 × 109 1.44 × 109 1.28 × 109 1.54 × 109 1.23 × 109 1.22 × 109 3.80 × 108 5.26 × 108 1.34 × 109 1.33 × 109 1.14 × 109 2.23 × 109 0.5 1.45 × 109 1.40 × 109 1.15 × 109 8.57 × 108 5.58 × 108 5.54 × 108 1.30 × 108 – 8.69 × 108 8.59 × 108 7.00 × 108 2.10 × 109 1 1.07 × 109 1.03 × 109 7.00 × 108 – 1.70 × 106 1.60 × 106 2.95 × 106 – 4.44 × 108 4.33 × 108 5.00 × 108 1.90 × 109

Selleck Momelotinib   E. coli ATCC 25922 (cells/ml) 0 6.56 × 108 5.64 × 108 3.98 × 108 6.65 × 108 6.41 × 108 6.32 × 108 6.83 × 108 6.41 × 108 5.52 × 108 5.46 × 108 5.67 × 108 5.52 × 108 0.1 5.22 × 108 NVP-BGJ398 supplier 4.95 × 108 3.93 × 108 6.18 × 108 3.28 × 108 3.26 × 108 8.33 × 107 4.86 × 108 3.73 × 108 3.68 × 108 2.83 × 108 5.21 × 108 0.2 4.50 × 108 4.17 × 108 3.88 × 108 5.56 × 108 7.67 × 107 7.61 × 107 1.17 × 107 3.07 × 108 2.52 × 108 2.49 × 108 2.17 × 108 5.08 × 108 0.3 3.65 × 108 3.54 × 108 3.87 × 108 4.97 × 108 1.90 × 107 1.88 × 107 1.17 × 107 1.63 × 108 2.19 × 108 2.16 × 108 1.50 × 108 5.11 × 108 0.5 1.36 × 108 1.17 × 108 2.93 × 108 2.89 × 108 7.13 × 106 6.97 × 106 9.02 × 106 – 2.03 × 108 2.02 × 108 2.50 × 108 4.76 × 108 1 1.43 × 108 1.37 × 108 3.10 × 108 1.59 × 108 2.21 × 107 2.18 × 107 4.58 × 107 – 2.38 × 108

2.37 × 108 2.83 × 108 4.67 × 108 aBacterial cell concentrations were measured by flow cytometry (FCM), culture-based counting for colony-forming units (CFU), and spectrophotometer method of optical density (OD) measurement after 1 hr exposure to different concentrations of ZnO, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles; inoculum used for each experiment was indicated in the control samples, i.e. Inoculum used for each experiment Thymidylate synthase was indicated in the control samples, i.e. no nanoparticles. cValue was negative. Figure 2 Examples of flow cytometric for E. faecalis exposure to nanoparticles-ZnO, TiO 2 , and SiO 2 at concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Fluorescence (FL1-H/FL3-H) was tested from bacterial cells inside gate P1 in a FSC-H (forward scatter-H)/SSC-H (side scatter-H) density plots. Live bacterial cells (gate P2); dead bacterial cells (gate P3). Effect of bacterial concentrations on quantification of bacteria after exposure to nanoparticles In this experiment, we further investigated interference of nanoparticles ZnO (0.5 mg/ml), TiO2 (0.5 mg/ml), and SiO2 (1 mg/ml) on quantifications of S.