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Competing INK1197 in vitro interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions BK carried out the nanoparticle synthesis and modification and drafted the manuscript. JY conceived of the nanoparticle design and condition. MH carried out in vivo MR imaging. JC conceived of the design of the animal experiment. H-OK and EJ participated in the cellular targeting experiment. JHL and S-HR fabricated aptamer sequence. J-SS participated in the modification of magnetic resonance imaging sequence. Y-MH and SH participated in the design of whole study and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background

Low-dimensional nanosized effects in CuO systems, especially Selleckchem SAHA HDAC their different physical properties such as spin-spin [1, 2], electron–phonon [3], spin-phonon interactions [4], and giant negative thermal expansion have recently received a lot of attention [5]. The spin-spin superexchange interaction occurs via the oxygen orbital [4, 6]. The magnetic interactions and Néel transition temperature (T N) of the CuO system are strongly dependent on the exchange interaction and the number of neighboring atoms. A transition from a first-order transition to a commensurate antiferromagnetic state near T N ~ 213 K reported for bulk CuO from neutron scattering experiments [7, 8] is well understood. Controlling the size of CuO nanocrystals resulted in short-range Phloretin correlation and commensurate antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering, where the T N decreased from the bulk value of 213 K [9–11], with decreasing particle size, down to 40 K for 6.6-nm nanoparticles [1, 2] and 13 K for 2- to 3-nm nanorods [12]. It is known that spin-phonon coupling is usually weak and undetectable because symmetric vibrations

of relevant atoms will cancel the contributions from negative and positive displacements. The main feature of cupric oxide is the low-symmetry monoclinic lattice, which differs from the other transition metal monoxides, e.g., MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO with rock salt structure [13]. The low symmetry of the CuO lattice and the anisotropic dispersion curves indicated lattice vibration which caused a modulation of the spin-phonon interaction. This originated from slight changes in the inter-ionic distances and bond angles, leading to spin-phonon coupling that can be detected in the Raman spectrum, to produce a weak feature at about 230 cm−1 below T N[14, 15]. The discovery of spin-phonon coupling in CuO nanocrystals has led to renewed interest in this phenomenon.