Emerging research indicates that socially anxious students face heightened risk of experiencing alcohol-related problems, although the extant research on alcohol use and social anxiety in this population has yielded inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol variables in college students. A literature search was used to identify studies on college students that included

measures of social anxiety and at least one of the alcohol variables of interest. All analyses were conducted ALK inhibitor using random effects models. We found that social anxiety was negatively correlated with alcohol use variables (e.g., typical quantity and typical frequency), but significantly positively correlated with alcohol-related problems, coping, conformity, and social motives for alcohol use, and positive and negative alcohol outcome expectancies. Several moderators of effect sizes were found to be significant, including

methodological factors such as sample ascertainment approach. Given that social anxiety was negatively related to alcohol use but positively related to alcohol-related problems, research is needed to address why individuals high in social anxiety experience more problems Sotrastaurin as a result of their alcohol use. Avoidance of social situations among socially anxious students should also be taken into account when measuring alcohol use. The primary limitation of this study is the small number of studies available for inclusion in some of the analyses. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis (CPH) is a rare condition, usually asymptomatic, consisting of a well-demarcated erythema with central depression and hyperkeratotic border which divides it from the normal skin. We report a 77-year-old woman with a characteristic lesion of find more circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis on the right palm. Clinically, the lesion simulated porokeratosis of Mibelli, but histologically there was no cornoid lamella, while the characteristic depression

of epidermis, with sharp stair in stratum corneum between the normal and involved skin was present. This is the first case of CPH reported in southeast Europe. After 9-year follow-up and various treatment modalities, we confirmed resistance of CPH. Since malignant transformation has been documented, careful follow-up was recommended.”
“The concept of renewal variable associated with a non-negative random variable X is used to identify the distribution of X as well as its failure rate. Some illustrated examples are given. [Ali A. A- Rahman. A Note on Characterization by Renewal Variable. Life Science Journal 2011; 8(4):1118-1119]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 137″
“Generation of supporting structures, which guide cell growth, is a challenging task in the field of tissue engineering.