Male Wistar rats were implanted with guide cannulae

to pe

Male Wistar rats were implanted with guide cannulae

to perform bilateral microinjections into the PFC and microdialysis experiments in the amygdala and/or ventral hippocampus, simultaneously. Spontaneous motor activity was monitored in the open field.

Injections of CPP (1 mu g/0.5 mu l) into the PFC increased dialysate concentrations of dopamine and acetylcholine in the amygdala, acetylcholine and free corticosterone in the hippocampus and MS-275 in vitro also motor activity. Simultaneous injections of muscimol (0.5 mu g/0.5 mu l) into the PFC counteracted the increases of dopamine and acetylcholine in the amygdala and hippocampus and also significantly reduced the peak increase of corticosterone in the hippocampus. Injections of muscimol (0.05 and 0.5 mu g/0.5 mu l) reduced the NF-��B inhibitor increases of motor activity produced by prefrontal NMDA antagonists.

These results suggest that the hypofunction of NMDA receptors in the PFC produces corticolimbic hyperactivity through the activation

of prefrontal efferent projections to subcortical/limbic areas.”
“Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) is an arterivirus that causes severe disease in captive macaques. We describe two new SHFV variants subclinically infecting wild African red-tailed guenons (Cercopithecus ascanius). Both variants are highly divergent from the prototype virus and variants infecting sympatric red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus). All known SHFV variants are monophyletic and share three open reading frames not present in other arteriviruses. Our data suggest a need to modify the current arterivirus classification.”
“Performance on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery touchscreen paired-associates learning (PAL) test is predictive of Alzheimer’s disease and impaired in schizophrenia and chronic drug users. An automated computer touchscreen PAL task for rats has been previously GNAT2 established. A pharmacologically validated PAL task for mice would be a highly valuable tool, which could be useful for a number of experimental aims including drug discovery.

This study sought to investigate the effects of systemic administration of cholinergic

agents on task performance in C57Bl/6 mice.

Scopolamine hydrobromide (0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mg/kg), dicyclomine hydrochloride (M(1) receptor antagonist; 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg), and donepezil hydrochloride (cholinesterase inhibitor; 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg) were administered post-acquisition in C57Bl/6 mice performing the PAL task.

Scopolamine (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg) and dicyclomine (at all administered doses) significantly impaired PAL performance. A significant facilitation in PAL was revealed in mice following donepezil administration (0.3 mg/kg).

The present study shows that mice can acquire the rodent PAL task and that the cholinergic system is important for PAL task performance. M(1) receptors in particular are likely implicated in normal performance of PAL.

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